Identification of Research Needs Related to Highway Runoff Management (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 4 - Summary of Identified Research Gaps and Needs
Chapter 4 - Summary of Identified Research Gaps and Needs
Pages 136-142
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From page 136... ...
Research categories were identified within the five main topic categories: Brief Review of Major Recent Syntheses of Highway Runoff/Urban Stormwater Quality Research, Evaluation of Stormwater Control Facilities and Programs, Watershed-Based Approaches, Highway Runoff Characterization and Assessment, and Receiving Waters Impact Assessment. Many of these research categories span two or more of the main topic categories, so they were combined for a total of 33 individual research categories in the final presentation of itemized research needs statements shown in Table 4-1.
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From page 137... ...
hydrology and ecological productivity downstream Characterization on a watershed basis and the availability and prioritization of sites for constructed wetlands and wet ponds Demonstration of the costs and benefits of alternative/offsite/watershed-based stormwater mitigation 4 5 4 Economic Analysis and Assessment of BMPs Guidance on quantifying BMP lifecycle costs and benefits associated with receiving waters protection Evaluation of potential reductions in costs of stormwater treatment through alternative siting within the watershed Evaluation of the BMP benefits and constraints in highly urbanized corridors Cost comparisons of BMP treatment trains, distributed BMPs, and regional BMP systems Development of BMP cost estimation tools that account for land value, site constraints, construction, operations, and maintenance, as well as receiving waters protection, aesthetics, and infrastructure savings on conventional drainage structures Cost estimates for nonstructural BMPs 5 4 5 General BMP Evaluation and Selection Development of standard performance measures for BMP efficiency Development of an expert system for BMP selection and design Assessment of and design guidance for ultra-urban BMPs 4 4 4 (continued on next page)
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From page 138... ...
/Distributed BMPs Development of LID design strategies, performance standards, and specifications Documentation of LID's applicability , efficacy, and long-term economic sustainability for transportation systems Evaluation of the type of hydrologic losses that can be achieved under various climatic, soil, slope, and vegetation conditions LID modeling and design guidance for accurately sizing end-of-pipe control systems Development of methods and technologies to promote the reuse of stormwater 4 4 4 TABLE 4-1 (Continued)
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From page 139... ...
Equipment testing methods and performance assessment of mechanical and mechanical/vacuum sweepers 3 3 3 Stream Crossings Examination of the water quality effects of maintenance practices through field studies Development of bridge deck runoff quality constituents database Examination of the potential risks associated with hazardous materials spills Evaluation of how bridge design and average daily traffic affects runoff quality Assessment of potential receiving water temperature changes and mitigation Development and evaluation of BMPs and standards for abating receiving water temperature impacts 3 3 3 (continued on next page)
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From page 140... ...
140 Ranking Itemized Research Needs DOT Ranking Based on Literature Review Team's Research Ranking Unit Treatment Processes Characterization and evaluation of the fundamental treatment processes within different BMP types Pilot-scale experiments for the collection of data on unit treatment processes for various BMP types Compilation and assessment of available unit treatment processes data Research to obtain within storm data on BMP effectiveness to assess short-term pollutant issues and collect unit treatment processes information Evaluation of metals fractionation under anaerobic and anoxic conditions Development of the ability to accurately measure and analyze unit treatment processes Evaluation of BMP design and performance with respect to particle size distribution in stormwater runoff and associated metals Evaluation of the physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes of BMPs 2 4 3 Toxicity and Bioassessment Development of standardized toxicity and bioassessment methods for assessing impacts of highway runoff on receiving water systems Evaluation of the parts of storm events that are most toxic to receiving waters Assessment of BMP performance in terms of toxicity reduction or other biological impact indicator Guidance on BMP selection based on toxicity Evaluation of chemical, physical, and toxicity impacts to aquatic biota of stormwater discharges Evaluation of viral pathogen indicators and development of treatment options 2 4 3 Fate and Transport of Highway Runoff Constituents Identification of sediment sources and evaluation of transport rates and residence time of sediment in highway runoff, treatment facilities, and receiving waters Evaluation of sediment transport mechanics and blockage at inlets, junctions, and transitions in full and partly full conduits Comprehensive studies on the effects of soils, topography, land use, and various storm hydrographs on sediment yield Evaluation of nutrient leaching and the sorption and desorption processes of roadside soils Development of predictive models that consider runoff/storm relationships, particularly storm scour and redeposition Characterization of the bioavailable fraction of dissolved metals and trace organics in highway runoff 2 4 3 Market-Driven Approaches: BMP Asset Management and Pollutant Trading Research into the practicality of pollutant trading as a viable approach to highway runoff management Enhancement of maintenance management systems to facilitate asset management of BMPs 2 4 3 Gross Pollutant Removal/Drain Inlet Studies Evaluation of the effectiveness and limitations of source controls at reducing gross solids in highway runoff (e.g., public education, catch basin cleaning, and street sweeping) Development of a standard method for measuring and reporting gross solids and its components Development of modeling and estimation techniques for gross solids Evaluation of the impacts of gross solids in highway runoff Evaluation of leaching or sorption, or both, capacity of pollutants captured in catch basins Guidance on gross solid removal device design and performance 2 4 3 Pollutant Retention in BMPs Investigation of the potential for leaching or resuspension of previously captured pollutants Investigation of how changes in pH, oxidation-reduction potential, hardness, and organic content may affect desorption or dissolution, or both, of captured pollutants Assessment of the long-term ability of BMPs to keep pollutants sequestered Bioavailability of pollutants in the sediments of wet ponds and wetlands used for highway stormwater treatment 2 3 3 TABLE 4-1 (Continued)
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From page 141... ...
Establishment of traffic thresholds beneath which certain pollutants in highway runoff can be considered negligible or irreducible 3 2 3 Wetlands Impacts Compilation and analysis of available water quality, sediment quality, and bioassessment data for wetlands receiving runoff from highway facilities Development of indicators for assessing impacts to wetlands from highway runoff by conducting a detailed analysis of currently available data on wetlands receiving runoff from highway facilities 3 2 3 Public Perception/Aesthetics of BMPs Conduct of public opinion surveys to assess the public's perception of stormwater management, in general, and BMPs, in particular Guidance on how to improve public perception of various types of BMPs Quantification of BMP impacts to property values and evaluation of methods to improve aesthetics and multiuse functionality 1 3 2 Impacts of Highway Construction and Repair Materials Compilation of properties data for highway construction and repairs materials Evaluation of the speciation, bioavailability, and toxicity of metals in highway construction material leachate Evaluation of the effects and influence of temperature on the leachings of pollutants from construction materials Evaluation of the capabilities of existing BMPs to mitigate impacts from highway construction material contamination 1 3 2 (continued on next page)
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From page 142... ...
, and gasoline oxygenates Determination of the sources of MTBE in groundwater Development of approaches to addressing groundwater contaminants introduced to surface waters from dewatering operations Development of infiltration guidance to prevent groundwater contamination 2 2 2 Water Quality Impacts of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) Hydraulic assessment of highway runoff contributions to CSOs impacts to receiving waters.
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