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4 Analysis
Pages 17-22

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From page 17...
... AXONS AD EIND~ o Scientists should develop and maintain quality and accuracy in research practice by self-regulation, extensive reliance on each investigator's professional st end arise and the traditions and collegiality that characterize research institutions. The balance between emphasizing individual and emphasizing oollegial responsibility for the integrity of research may vary by discipline, research field, or institution, but self-regulation is the principal system used by the government and the research community to provide integrity and quality in research.
From page 18...
... Informal practices include collegian interaction, skepticism, and criticism; sharing of research ~ ta, methods, and materials; serving as mentors and role models; consensual assignment of authorship crept; and post-publication review by colleagues. Formal mechanisms that promote responsible research conduct include the peer review systems administered by scientific journals and funding agencies; departmental research seminars; the criteria, policies, and procedures that govern appointment and promotion decisions; the use of "visiting comic" and interdepartmental reviews in evaluating the quality of graduate research and training pro grams; and the coordinating committees and data-collection audits used in mwiticenter clinical research programs.
From page 19...
... As a first step in promoting scientific responsibility and providing quality assurance, some research institutions and scientific organizations are trying to enhance the visibility and effectiveness of generally accepted research practices already in place. In adaption to institutional guidelines, the conduct of research is governed in some matters by various professional and regulatory standards.
From page 20...
... m err demonstrated effectiveness in generating new knowledge and training young scientists depends greatly upon investigator autonomy and the collegial good will, trust, and academic freedom that are the foundations of academic governance In our society. Although the committee agrees that American biomedical research and training can benefit fern improvements In policies and practices, it believes that some administrative changes cculd create more serious problems than those they are designed to alleviate.
From page 21...
... o Increasing budgetary and competitive pressures in science demand that local research institutions and government research funders develop standards to ensure responsible research practices to ensure the integrity of the academic research enterprise. m e committee identified a nope for higher professional stand ard5 at all levels in the research system.
From page 22...
... In developing final recommendations, the committee sought to define appropriate roles for government agencies and the Congress= that would stimulate local institutional and professional efforts without creating an unjustifiable regulatory burden on the research community. O Effective institutional reforms to improve integrity and responsible research practices require better understanding of the key factors that influence professional development and performance in science.


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