A Guide to Transportation's Role in Public Health Disasters (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C - Radiological Threat Information
Appendix C - Radiological Threat Information
Pages 87-93
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From page 88... ...
Expected Human Health Effects <1 rem No health effects 1 to 10 rem No discernible health effects except for possible dry mouth, headaches and anxiety; insignificant increase in lifetime cancer risk, full recovery 10-100 Slight (<5%) incidence of nausea, vomiting, headache; temporary drop in white blood cell count; 0.5%-5% increase in lifetime cancer risk; full recovery 100-300 5-50% of population experience nausea and vomiting, long term drop in white blood cell count, fatigue, weakness, infection susceptibility, loss of appetite, skin reddening, hair loss, 5-15% increase in lifetime cancer fatality, some cataract formation, 5-10% population fatality within 30-60 days; significant medical care required for full recovery 300-500 50-100% of population experience nausea and vomiting, 10-50% population fatality within 30-60 days; hemorrhaging, extensive medical care may prevent mortality 500-800 Permanent sterilization, cataracts in 100% of population, 50-90% population fatality within 30-60 days; extreme medical care may prevent mortality 800-3000 Skin blistering, 90-100% population fatality in 2 to 3 weeks; little chance of survival with even most extreme and intensive medical care Total 50-Year Chronic Whole Body Radiation Dose (rem)
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From page 89... ...
The federal public radiation dose limits in Table A.4 are a small fraction of natural radiation for normal operations of facilities that contain radioactive materials. The only exception is that of a nuclear power plant accident, which allows significant, but non-fatal, public doses.
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From page 90... ...
40 CFR 197 Department of Transportation (DOT) Dose rate at outer surface of vehicle package containing radioactive material 200 per hour 49 CFR 173.441 DOT Dose rate at 6.6 feet from the outer surface of transport vehicle containing radioactive material 10 per hour 49 CFR 173.441 Incident Phase Public Dose (rem)
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From page 91... ...
Figure C-2 shows radioactive contamination plume from an RDD in downtown Manhattan with a wind blowing towards the northeast. The boundary of each constant shade area represents a contour of constant radiation dose rate.
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From page 92... ...
would carry a stream of radioactive particles to the surrounding environment. C.6 HISTORICAL RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS INVOLVING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS In the approximately 100 years since the discovery and use of radioactivity, numerous radiological incidents have occurred that resulted in unintended radiation doses to individuals and radioactive contamination.
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From page 93... ...
Total cleanup cost, not including lost aircraft, was $ 100 million 1971 Sea 500 gallons of radioactive water spilled in Thames River near New London, Connecticut while being transferred from nuclear submarine Dace to sub tender Fulton (Connecticut) 1971 Highway Tractor-trailer with 25-ton cask containing spent nuclear fuel overturned after swerving to avoid head-on collision.
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