The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
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From page 6... ...
generally being the limit that most people are willing to travel on foot. Effects on the perceived and actual safety of pedestrians include sidewalks that are too narrow or adjacent to moving lanes of traffic along with pedestrian crossings that are intimidating because of confusing signal indications,excessive crossing distances,or fast-turning vehicles.The immediate physical environment also affects the comfort and convenience of walking.
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From page 7... ...
. Therefore, the slower walking speeds of these groups could be considered when determining pedestrian clearance intervals for traffic signals in locations with a high percentage of pedestrians with walking difficulties.
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. All these conditions lead to reduced walking speeds during the winter (14)
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. Another study of pedestrians at midblock signalized crossing sites only found the average start loss to be 1.3 s and the average clearance time gain to be 2.9 s, pedestrian movement parameters close to the default values used in the SIDRA 1 software program (1 s and 3 s, respectively)
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Spatial Bubbles A spatial bubble is the preferred distance of unobstructed forward vision while walking under various circumstances (4)
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Pedestrian Crossing Choices In one study, researchers developed a model consistent with theoretical expectations of how pedestrians cross roads. The model contains variables descriptive of the street environment including continuous variables (such as roadside walking distance, crossing distance, and traffic volume)
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12 Young Children At a young age, children have unique abilities and needs. Since children this age vary great in ability, it is important for parents to supervise and make decisions on when their child is ready for a new independent activity.
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All groups need access and mobility in order to fully participate in society. Transportation officials must pay close attention to communication, the creation of ethnic villages, and subcultural needs and practices.
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From page 14... ...
For instance, a pedestrian may walk straight to the curb and then look for a gap in the traffic or he/she may begin to watch for a gap long before stepping up to the curb. In the latter case, the pedestrian can adjust his or her walking speed in which to arrive at the curb at the instant a gap is available in the traffic.
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From page 15... ...
value is to be used in conjunction with Table 8 to determine the level of service of the intersection. Complicating matters is the belief that non-compliant pedestrians use several tactics when crossing streets.
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