Lost Crops of the Incas Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Tamarillo- Tree Tomato
Tamarillo- Tree Tomato
Pages 306-316
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From page 306... ...
294 LOST CROPS OF THE INCAS Passiflora ampullacea Although this species is very little known, some botanists who have eaten the fruits and seen the plant's vigorous growth consider it to be a promising future crop. The fruits are much larger than those of the curuba and the rind is thicker, which protects the fruit on the way to market.
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From page 307... ...
They got a particular boost during World War II, when bananas and oranges could not be imported. During the last half-century, New Zealand horticulturists have made selections, developed improved fruit types' and created a commercial industry.
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From page 308... ...
fruit juices as well as for processed products such as jams, chutneys, sauces, and flavorings for ice creams. For warm-temperate areas, an additional advantage is that tamarillos fetch premium prices because they ripen late in the growing season when few other fresh fruits are available.
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From page 309... ...
Industrialized Regions. New Zealand's selection of attractive cultivars and the development of shipping and storage techniques has resulted in a relatively obscure fruit entering international trade within the past decade.
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Seedlings develop a straight, erect trunk about 1.5 m tall before branching. New Zealand practice is to prune seedlings early to encourage multiple stems, which makes the fruit easier to reach and reduces chances of heavily laden trees toppling over.
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From page 311... ...
A single tree may produce 20 kg of fruit or more each year; commercial yields from mature orchards in New Zealand can reach 15-17 tons per hectare. In handling tamarillos, the most serious problem is fungal rot (glomorella)
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From page 312... ...
RESEARCH NEEDS Germplasm Collection More types need to be collected and information on their economic traits developed. Identifying and selectin 4 Paradoxically, tree tomatoes are notable for their apparent resistance to tobacco mosaic a virus that affects tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes, and other solanaceous crops.
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From page 313... ...
Plantation Management Improvements are needed in orchard practice and management. Among specific research needs are the following: · Controlling viruses; · Increasing fruit set; · Developing fertilizer requirements; · Learning the ideal pH level; · Applying trickle and overhead irrigation; · Developing growing systems; · Understanding the plant's nutrition; and · Breaking seed dormancy.6 Biological control of the tree-tomato worm should be sought for use in the Andes.
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From page 314... ...
Although their main use will be in multiplying improved material for planting, they are possibly useful in genetic selection and in propagating of difficult hybrid crosses and haploids. Colchicine treatment to produce fertile plants from haploids should be attempted.
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Although there is much variety in the fruits and many local preferences based on color, there are apparently at present few named cultivars. Growers normally select their own trees for seed selection.
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From page 316... ...
It deserves special attention from horticulturists and scientists as a source of genetic material for such qualities as nematode resistance, root rot resistance, fragrance, flavor, color, and yield. Cyphomandra fragrans Compared with the Amarillo, this tree has greater tolerance to powdery mildew, a smaller and more robust stature, basal fruit abscission (the fruits break away clean without the stalk as found on tamarillos)
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