Contaminated Marine Sediments Assessment and Remediation (1989) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
A Review of the Data Supporting the Equilibrium Partitioning Approach to Establishing Sediment Quality Criteria
A Review of the Data Supporting the Equilibrium Partitioning Approach to Establishing Sediment Quality Criteria
Pages 100-114
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From page 100... ...
The primary impediment to direct application of the water quality paradigm to sediment quality criteria is the use of total sediment chemical concentration as a measure of bioavailable, or even potentially bioavailable, concentration. This is not supported by the available data (see, for example, Luoma, 1983~.
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From page 101... ...
If the same total chemical concentration is ten times more toxic in one sediment than another, how does one set a universal sediment quality criteria that depends only on the total sediment chemical concentration? Some attempt must be made to address the issue of bioavailability.
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From page 102... ...
The lowest organic carbon fraction sediments, 0.2 percent exhibits the lowest LC50 on a total sediment concentration basis (3.1 g/g) and as the organic carbon concentration increases the LC50s increase (6.7 and 11 ~g/g)
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From page 103... ...
,°O1 % ORGANIC CARBON 0.2 0.3 ~ 0.5 ~ Rn > 60 > \~ _ ~ 40 ~ \ ~ ~ ~ —I ~ 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 SEDIMENT FLUORANTHENE (ug/g) \ \ l ~,j,,, \ \ , ._ , % ORGANIC CARBON Unamended +0.25 ~ +~.00 +2 00 \ ~ollL 81 > 61 > Lll 44 ~e ~ 0 0 ~ 0 30 0 ~0 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 SEDIMENT CADMIUM (ug/g)
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From page 104... ...
FIGURE 5 Acute toxicity of cadmium to Ampelisca (a) and Rbe poxynius (b)
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From page 105... ...
These observations -- that organism dose response curves for different sediments can be collapsed into one curve if pore water is considered as the dose concentration -- can be interpreted in a number of ways. However, from a purely empirical point of view it suggests that if it were possible to either measure the pore water concentration of a chemical, or to predict it from the total sediment concentration and the relevant sediment properties, then that concentration could be used to quantify the chemical dose the sediment would deliver to an organism.
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From page 106... ...
ORGANIC CARBON NORMALIZATION From the above discussion we conclude that if a dose-response curve correlates to pore water concentration, it should correlate equally well to organic carbon-normalized total chemical concentration independent of sediment properties. Of course this only applies to nonpolar hydrophobic organic chemicals, since the rationale is based on a partitioning theory for these chemicals.
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From page 107... ...
~oa I} ' ' ' 20 \ ~-~ ~ 00 200 300 400 SEDIMENT ENDRIN (ug/g OC) FIGURE 7 Acute toxicity of DDT (a)
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From page 108... ...
The procedure to set a sediment quality criteria for a chemical would be to perform a series of toxicity tests using benthic plants and animals, and establish the range of effect concentrations based on the pore water concentrations. The procedures set forth in the national guidelines (Stephen et al., 1985)
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From page 109... ...
the organic carbon fraction of the sediment,foc. A more easily remembered quantity is the organic carbonnormalized sediment quality criteria rOC SQC, where rOc SQC ~ _ e KowcwQc.
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From page 110... ...
At foc < 0 5 percent this may no longer be the case. SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA FOR METALS The equilibrium partitioning methodology for establishing sediment quality criteria requires that effects concentration be determined in an accessible phase and that the chemical potential of the chemical be computed.
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From page 111... ...
For mercury body burdens in various benthic species (Langston, 1986) , a strong correlation exists between the sediment concentration normalized by organic matter content.
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From page 112... ...
the Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Christina Cowan (Project Leader) ; Everett Jenne; Drexel University, Herbert Allen; Envirosphere, Spyros Pavlou; EPA ERL Corvallis, Richard Swartz; EPA ERL Duluth, Nelson Thomas; EPA ERL Narragansett, David Hansen, John Scott; Manhattan College, John Mahony.
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From page 113... ...
1987. Sediment Quality Criteria for Metals: II Review of Methods for Quantitative Determination of Important Adsorbents and Sorbed Metals in Sediments.
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From page 114... ...
1987. Toxicity of fluoranthene in sediment to marine amphipods: A test of the equilibrium partitioning approach to sediment quality criteria.
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