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Marine Sediment Toxicity Tests
Pages 115-130

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From page 115... ... Sediment toxicity tests are part of several comprehensive methods for generating sediment quality criteria. Major research needs include test methods for chronic exposures, field validation of acute toxicity tests and the geochemical integrity of test materials, the relation between toxicity and the bioavailability/partitioning of contaminants in different sediment phases, models of toxicological interactions between sediment contaminants, and sediment wasteload allocation models. Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... Three detailed descriptions of the acute amphipod test are available (EVS Consultants, Inc. and Tetra Tech Inc., 1986; Swartz et al., 1985b; Reish and Lemay, 1988) Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... and Tetra Tech, Inc., 1986; Williams et al., 1986; Tetra Tech, Inc., 1985, 1986a; PTI Environmental Services, 1988; Long and Chapman, 1985; Chapman and Morgan, 1983; Chapman et al., 1987. Chapman et al., 1982; Long and Chapman, 1985; Chapman, 1986, 1987; Kehoe, 1983; Alden and Butt, 1987. Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... and to develop sediment quality criteria (Tetra Tech, Inc., 1986a; PTI Environmental Services, 1988~. Experimental designs for sediment toxicity tests with bivalve larvae and bacterial luminescence are similar to those described above for acute amphipod tests. Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... Their utility lies in evaluating higher level ecological impacts when equivocal results are obtained from the more standard toxicity tests. EFFECTIVENESS OF SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS There are some important limitations and advantages of sediment toxicity tests (Table 2~. Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... Sediment toxicity tests should be part of a comprehensive analysis of sediment quality that also includes chemical, geological, and biological assessments (Swartz et al., 1985~. This is the basic concept of the very effective benthic assessment method often called Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... APPLICATIONS OF SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTS Sediment toxicity tests have a variety of applications in research and regulatory programs (Table 3~. They are used principally to determine patterns of toxicity in the field and quantify the toxicity of materials spiked into sediment. Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... solid-phase bioassay. TABLE 3 Tests Research and Regulatory Applications of Sediment Toxicity Field sediment Spiked sediment Sediment features Research variable Comprehensive sediment evaluation me thods Regulatory applications Spatial distribution of toxicity Temporal distribution of toxicity Depth distribution of toxicity Dilution -- LC50 in clean sediment S ingle chemical LC50 safe concentration sediment quality criterion Multiple chemicals joint action interaction models Complex wastes sewage sludge drilling fluids dredged material Salinity Particle-size distribution Organic carbon concentration Relation to benthic community structure, function, sediment conditions Apparent Effects Threshold Sediment Quality Triad Dredged material permit decisions Environmental impact assessment Wasteload allocation Remedial action alternatives Sediment quality criteria Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... These methods are used in a variety of regulatory programs including dredged material disposal permits, sediment quality criteria, wasteload allocations, and remedial actions at sites of major sediment contamination. Benthic impact assessments are most effective when toxicity tests are combined with biological, chemical, and geological indicators of sediment degradation. Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... 1986. Sediment quality criteria from the sediment quality triad: An example. Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... 1988. Effects of natural sediment features on the phoxocephalid amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius : Implications for sediment toxicity bioassays. Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... 1985. A sediment quality triad: Measures of sediment contamination, toxicity, and infaunal community composition in Puget Sound. Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... 1988. Sediment Quality Values Refinement: Tasks 3 and 5 -- 1988 Update and Evaluation of the Puget Sound AET. Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... 1985. Use of bacterial bioluminescence assay to assess toxicity of contaminated marine sediments. Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... 1986a. Development of Sediment Quality Values for Puget Sound. Read the entire page →

From page 115...

... Sediment toxicity tests are part of several comprehensive methods for generating sediment quality criteria. Major research needs include test methods for chronic exposures, field validation of acute toxicity tests and the geochemical integrity of test materials, the relation between toxicity and the bioavailability/partitioning of contaminants in different sediment phases, models of toxicological interactions between sediment contaminants, and sediment wasteload allocation models.

Marine Sediment Toxicity Tests Pages 115-130

Marine Sediment Toxicity Tests
Pages 115-130