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A Strategy for Using Biologic Markers of Stress in Forests
Pages 17-21

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From page 17...
... Thus, simply using biologic markers to locate unhealthy forests is not particularly useful, whereas locating and diagnosing forests damaged by air pollution could provide the basis for constructive regulatory and management responses. Suites of markers can be developed to help foresters and resource managers to detect effects specific to air pollutants.
From page 18...
... Direct absorption of gaseous pollutants -- such as ozone and sulfur dioxide -- might eventually overcome the repair capacity of a plant and initiate injury that not only kills individual cells, but also induces production of plant resins and phenols that fill dead cells or spread and wall off surrounding tissue. Damage can also result in formation of visibly thickened cells.
From page 19...
... MARKER Tree -- Stand level: Nutrient cycling Stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur Tree ring analysis Canopy spectral analysis Shifts in phonology Root growth Symbiotic rhizosphere fungi Symbiotic rhizosphere bacteria Biochemical -- Tissue level: Foliar nitrate reductase Free-radical processes Photosynthesis and transpiration Nutrient-use efficiency Carbon partitioning Cuticular competence Secondary metabolites Chlorophyll content WORKSHOP -PAPER Johnson et al. Fry Cook and Innes; Johnson Rock et al.
From page 20...
... MARKER Tree-Stand Level: Indigenous and cultivated plants Epiphytic cryptogams Foliar damage Biochemical-Tissue Level: Loss of membrane integrity and selectivity Pollutant content in tissues Foliage histology Phloem damage WORKSHOP PAPER Weinstein and Laurence Scott and Hutchinson Miller Alscher Shortle; Bondietti et al. Rock; Miller Sharpe and Spence
From page 21...
... Once analysis of biologic markers of response to environmental change and airquality data suggest that air pollutants are important, markers of compensation and acute toxicity that are specific for air pollution can be evaluated. Because compensation for air-pollutant damage takes time, detection of compensation with biologic markers implies that air pollutants with chronic impacts are present.


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