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Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Biochemical Indicators of Air Pollution Effects in Trees: Unambiguous Signals Based on Secondary Metabolites and Nitrogen in Fast-Growing Species
Pages 261-274

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From page 261...
... Jones Institute of Ecosystem Studies The New York Botanical Garden Mary Flagler Cary Arboretum Millbrook, NY 12545 James S Coleman Department of Biological Sciences Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 ABSTRACT Various perturbations such as air pollution, shading, low nutrients, herbivore and pathogen attack cause stress and damage to plants.
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From page 262...
... Nevertheless, we will argue that it is possible to: distinguish between perturbations that are stresses versus those that damage the plant; categorize different stresses in terms of their effects on plant function; categorize the response of plants by applying plant physiological concepts; and categorize plant species on the basis of their inherent growth rates. These concepts can be linked together and used to predict changes in classes of biochemicals that are dynamic and sensitive to changes in plant function in certain species.
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From page 263...
... Damage a f f ec ts s tructure Air Pollution Herb ivores Pa thogens Severe Drough t Allocation of Resources within Tissues We can apply the concept of C and nutrient balance at a lower level of organization - the tissues (i.e., leaves) - by applying the resource availability hypothesis (Bryant et al., 1985~.
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From page 264...
... Inherent growth rate is thus a critical predictor of the expected response of different plant species to stress. Plant Responses to Damage While stress results in adjustments of the primary plant function of resource acquisition, damage at the tissue level activates processes of repair and defense (McLaughlin and Shriner, 1980; Putritch and Jensen, 1982; Shigo, 1984~.
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From page 265...
... , either as absolute values compared to unstressed or undamaged plants, or as a relative value compared to total foliar N; total foliar N either absolute or relative to total C, % of total N in mobile, low molecular weight forms (amino, imino acids, diamines, polyamides)
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From page 266...
... · _ Q o :E Low Damage Mineral N Stress (Polymerized CSM also present) Carbon Stress Low Total N High Figure 2.
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From page 267...
... The ozone dose had no significant effect did not cause visible injury to the leaves that were charcoal-filtered air controls (Coleman et al., 19871. two clones of cottonwood, Populus This species is an indeterminate on the growth of the plant, and chemically analyzed, compared to The concentration of one class of mobile CSM, phenol glycosides, polymerized phenolics, total N and polar (mobile)
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From page 268...
... Table 3 shows that mobile CSM phenol glycosides decreased; polymerized phenolics were present; total N increased in both clones, but significantly so, in only one clone; and mobile N increased. The model predicts that the changes in the parameters we measured indicate that indeed both stress and damage occurred.
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From page 269...
... 1987. Response of winter chemical defense in Alaskan paper birch and green alder to manipulation of plant carbon/nitrogen balance.
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From page 270...
... 1984. Air pollutant effects on biochemicals derived from metabolism: Organic, fatty and amino acids.
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From page 271...
... 1979. How air pollutants induce disease.
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From page 272...
... lgS3. Effects of low concentrations of O3 on net photosynthesis, dark respiration and chlorophyll contents in aging hybrid poplar leaves.
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From page 273...
... 1986. Differences in chemical compositions of plants grown at constant relative growth rates with stable mineral nutrition.
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Key Terms

  • polymerized csm
  • nutrient stress
  • phenol glycosides
  • predictive model
  • plant function

  • carbon stress
  • pathogen attack
  • academic press
  • total foliar
  • inherent growth

  • pollution effects
  • plant species
  • amino acids
  • csm phenol
  • plant growth

  • visible injury
  • secondary metabolites
  • plant responses
  • low molecular
  • damage occurred

  • molecular weight
  • cause stress
  • imino acids
  • prior defoliation
  • stress effects

  • hybrid poplar
  • phenolic glycosides
  • model predicts
  • absolute concentrations
  • polymerized phenolics


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