Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
The Potential of Trees to Record Aluminum Mobilization and Changes in Alkaline Earth Availability
The Potential of Trees to Record Aluminum Mobilization and Changes in Alkaline Earth Availability
Pages 281-292
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 281... ...
There is strong circumstantial evidence that the increases in Al:Ca ratios in the annual rings of red spruce and eastern hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park have occurred in recent decades and are related to aluminum mobilization. Decreases in radial growth rates as well as changes in the storage patterns of alkaline earth elements may also be linked to aluminum mobilization.
|
From page 282... ...
The potential importance of the radial migration of polyvalent cations has been recognized ~ 11 ~ but appears to be a minor factor affecting radial distributions [9l, at least when compared to the uncertainty in how many annual rings are conducting solutes at any given time. The Stem as a Recorder of Changes in Cation Availability The exchangeable cation composition of soils or the composition of nutrient solutions affects the bulk composition of woody stems and automobile lead and smelter emission histories are recorded in tree rings [1 11.
|
From page 283... ...
Ratios of Al:Ca in red spruce increment cores sampled at three elevations on Camels Hump Mountain in Vermont. The line is the average Al:Ca ratio in 22 red spruce cores sampled in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
|
From page 284... ...
; (B) the concentration trends of Al, Ca, and Mg in a red spruce core sampled in 1982 at Double Springs Gap, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where a fire occurred in the 1920s.
|
From page 285... ...
The aluminum and calcium trends after 1940 will be discussed below. Aluminum:Calcium Ratios in Red Spruce and Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park In 1983, Baes and McLaughlin sampled coniferous trees at various locations in GSMNP and measured a number of elements in 1 2-mm-diameter increment cores using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy [9~.
|
From page 286... ...
Figure 3a. Potential interrelationships between atmospheric deposition and aluminum availability to trees: a generic model of the effect of increasing soil solution concentrations of mineral acid anions on the solution A13+:Ca2+ ratios in soils with 2.5 to 10°h base saturation.
|
From page 287... ...
Potential interrelationships between atmospheric deposition and aluminum availability to trees: (B) historical emission trends of SOx and NOx upwind from the Great Smokey Mountains National Park; the trends in Al:Ca ratios in (C)
|
From page 288... ...
It illustrates that aluminum increases are responsible for most of the increases in aluminum ratios, and that calcium and magnesium concentrations generally decline regardless of how aluminum concentrations are changing. Another feature of the data set in Figure 4 is that radial growth declines frequently coincide with increases in aluminum or aluminum ratios.
|
From page 289... ...
LeConte summit, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
|
From page 290... ...
A comparison of Great Smoky Mountain National Park red spruce cores from locations 37 km apart but at similar elevations: (A) radial growth vs.
|
From page 291... ...
1986. Multielemental Analysis of Tree Rings: A Survey of Coniferous Trees in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
|
From page 292... ...
1988. Multielemental Analysis of Tree Cores from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a Supplement.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.