Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests (1989) / Chapter Skim
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New and Emerging Technologies
New and Emerging Technologies
Pages 81-88
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From page 81... ...
Spence Biosystems Research Group Department of Industrial Engineering Texas A & M University College Station, TX 77843 INTRODUCTION Air pollutant effects on plants, especially impacts at low concentrations where visible injury is not evident, have been difficult to assess. Measurements of biochemical process rates, such as photosynthesis, are confounded by environmental factors as well as the cryptic nature of plant physiology.
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NEED FOR BIOLOGICAL MARKERS If compensatory mechanisms hide the response of plants to low doses of air pollutants, then the traditional statistically based experimental design approaches are ineffective. Alternatively, a method of measurement is required to identify and quantify the degree to which compensatory changes are occurring within the plant.
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NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Although many of the new and emerging technologies have become associated with medicine, these techniques arose in the biological and bioengineering sciences. Their use has been most obvious in the medical sciences largely because of the larger funding base and the need for innovative methods for studying internal processes leading to cancer, heart disease and other intractable medical problems.
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Irradiation of a live plant with a pulse of the appropriate frequency range excites the nuclear magnets aligned against the external magnetic field, providing the following physiological information: ( 1 ) The positions of absorption peaks are indicative of chemical groups, their ionization states, and bindings to other chemical species of the nuclei.
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The major practical disadvantage to the use of many of these technologies as biological markers is that, at present, they are of limited use in field studies. So far, all studies of plant physiology or metabolism using these technologies have been laboratory studies.
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The significance of these measurements is readily apparent, especially if and when they can be made in the field. The systems behavior of the overall physiological response may be and environmentally induced changes in plant physiology may be evaluated.
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1985. A preliminary model of host susceptibility to bark beetle attack.
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Pp. 206-223 in Proceedings Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium, (S.J.
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