Effectiveness of Behavioral Highway Safety Countermeasures (2008) / Chapter Skim
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From page 22... ...
Warning letters for traffic violators, and 23. Reduced speed limits (for pedestrian safety)
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From page 23... ...
Sobriety checkpoints, for instance, are not legal in some states, and a motorcycle helmet law or a primary seat belt law simply may be out of reach given the current legislature. The result of this process will be the selection of Proven countermeasures for inclusion within the state's highway safety plan that can be accomplished within the political, legal, and financial conditions that currently exist within the state.
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From page 24... ...
Local primary seat belt laws or ordinances; 5. Adult bicycle helmet laws; 6.
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The logic here is that standard driver education courses generally concentrate on basic driving skills. However, it is known that graduates of these courses are prone to being involved in crashes that reflect driving inexperience (e.g., running off the road and not being able to recover)
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From page 26... ...
Proven countermeasures that can be implemented at relatively less cost include child bike helmet law, GDL, extended learner permit, night restrictions, 26 Type of highway loss Crashes involving Fatal injuries Nonfatal injuries Fatal Nonfatal Total All persons 600 75572 $669,492,000 $2,285,140,088 $2,954,632,088 Pedestrians 67 2116 $75,110,214 $63,971,882 $139,082,096 Distracted 60 13997 $66,663,455 $423,239,815 $489,903,270 Drowsy 19 1412 $21,101,197 $42,704,002 $63,805,199 Speed 162 14178 $180,836,003 $428,711,216 $609,547,219 Aggressive 164 14770 $183,442,252 $446,600,914 $630,043,166 Alcohol related 248 11583 $276,723,360 $350,234,416 $626,957,776 Alcohol impaired 213 9937 $237,404,168 $300,470,153 $537,874,321 Teen drivers 32 7681 $35,969,377 $232,263,878 $268,233,255 Age-16 drivers 12 3318 $13,816,260 $100,328,595 $114,144,855 Elderly drivers 44 4232 $49,220,426 $127,978,295 $177,198,721 Motorcycles 65 2245 $72,528,300 $67,871,854 $140,400,154 Nighttime 214 14109 $238,550,290 $426,621,478 $665,171,767 Child in car 14 9168 $15,590,393 $277,215,254 $292,805,648 Front seat occupants 376 58720 $419,433,394 $1,775,583,025 $2,195,016,419 Bicycles 11 1153 $12,089,228 $34,859,723 $46,948,950 Table 9. Fatal and nonfatal highway loss for typical 600-fatality state.
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From page 27... ...
Several countermeasures fall between these two cost extremes. These include child pedestrian training, booster seat promotions, high-visibility enforcement, ALR, mass media in support of alcohol enforcement, community programs for under age 21 enforcement, individual meetings, and group meetings.
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Then, applying the same principles as we have for known existing countermeasures, the state can estimate how the implementation of such countermeasures is likely to affect the fatality, injury, and cost aspects of its traffic safety problem. Some of the most important characteristics, requirements, and opportunities associated with the above listed categories are as follows: • Voluntary Action – Must be of high quality and intensity; – Works best when: Targeting children; Allowing communicator some control over audience; Communicating new knowledge; and Serving as part of some larger community-based effort.
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