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6 Conclusions and Recommendations: Plants
Pages 65-76

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From page 65...
... CeBular methods include cell fusion and tissue culture to produce somaclonal variation. Molecular techniques include several methods (such as recombinant DNA and electroporation)
From page 66...
... WHAT DOES PAST EXPERIENCE TEACH US? About Introductions Over the past hundred years, plant breeders and other agricultural scientists have accumulated vast experience and information about the introduction of genetically modified plants into the environment.
From page 67...
... Because the specific gene products added by molecular techniques are better characterized than those added by classical procedures, questions about the changes effected In plants modified by molecular techniques can be asked and answered more precisely. Experience gained so far from field research on molecularly modified plants, as well as from extensive laboratory and greenhouse research, supports the following conclusions: Crops modified by molecular and cellular methods should pose risks no different from those modified by classical genetic methods for similar traits.
From page 68...
... Titian field tests of cIassicaBy bred plants are normally carried out with different plants having many different gene combinations. Great care is taken to track modified properties in the plant and to retain properties of interest by avoiding contamination with similar plants grown in the same or nearby fields.
From page 69...
... Molecular genetic techniques neither enhance nor decrease the probability of occurrence of such genetic transfer relative to classical methods of genetic manipulation. Established confinement options are as applicable to field introductions of plants modified by molecular and cellular methods as they are for plants modified by classical genetic methods.
From page 70...
... A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING RISE Most of the extensive past experience on field research of plants that have been genetically modified by classical techniques is relevant to field research of plants modified by molecular and cellular techniques. Procedures of confinement, monitoring, and mitigation work equally well, regardless of how the plant was produced.
From page 73...
... 73 cn C' c~ LL - I.L ~ C o 7 ._ ~ I,L.
From page 74...
... Field-test results need to be assessed for potential negative environmental impact as a result of altered character~stic~ of weediness, toxicity, or pest resistance. Data obtained through field testing provide the best way to assess the presence of undesirable characteristics accurately.
From page 75...
... 75 0 cat ~ of O lo _ cat ~ ~° a)
From page 76...
... For example, in some cases crop certification of plants for expanded field tests and commercialization uses established institutional review or no review. Similarly decentralized local oversight is also used for approval of animal, human, and other exper~rnental procedures including experiments utilizing recombinant DNA techniques.


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