Nutrition During Pregnancy Part I: Weight Gain, Part II: Nutrient Supplements (1990) / Chapter Skim
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13 Dietary Intake During Pregnancy
13 Dietary Intake During Pregnancy
Pages 258-271
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From page 258... ...
It may, however, mean that some individuals within the group are at risk of deficiency. AVAILABLE DIETARY DATA The following review of data on nutrient intakes during pregnancy is restricted to women residing in the United States.
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From page 259... ...
Although most investigators used a 24-hour diet recall method to obtain the dietary data, the accuracy of the food intake information must have varied with the level of training of the interviewers, the use of food models, the time available for the interview, characteristics of the subjects such as their education level and economic status, and the sensitivity and knowledge of interviewers concerning cultural food patterns. In the studies in which women were asked to record or to record and weigh their intake, it is likely that some women changed their food intake because of the need to keep a record.
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From page 262... ...
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From page 263... ...
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From page 264... ...
Nutrient intakes by women from lower socioeconomic groups may be increased by participation in this program, as described later in this chapter. Information on the effects of pregnancy on food choices and patterns, diet quality, and nutrient intake in the United States is virtually nonexistent.
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From page 265... ...
· Reported mean daily energy intakes varied markedly, ranging from approximately 1,500 to 2,800 kcal. The extent to which this reflects differences in data collection techniques (and consequently over- or underreporting of food intake)
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From page 266... ...
Mean intakes of this vitamin appeared to be close to the RDA, on average, but were low in pregnant Navajo women. In summary, the data in Table 13-2 indicate that, on average, pregnant women in the studies cited probably met their RDA for protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamins A' Bit, and C
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From page 267... ...
categorized only iron and calcium as food components that are recommended for high-priority monitoring status because they represent public health problems in the population. ASSOCIATIONS OF MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH NUTRIENT INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY Ethnic Background There have been no studies of both dietary and sociodemographic factors in a large, random sample of pregnant women in the United States.
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From page 268... ...
These included maternal ethnic background, age, parity, history of low birth weight or infant death, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, participation in assistance programs, income, family size, and parental work status. In these WIC-eligible, low-income women, employment was generally not associated with higher nutrient intakes and, in fact, was negatively related to calcium consumption.
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From page 269... ...
. SUMMARY Data on the reported dietary nutrient intakes by pregnant women studied in the past decade show that the intakes of eight nutrients consistently average less than the 1989 RDAs, namely, vitamins Be, D, E, and folate; iron; calcium; zinc; and magnesium.
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From page 270... ...
1983. Dietary Intake Source Data: United States, 1976-80.
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From page 271... ...
1989. A comparison of food frequency and diet recall methods in studies of nutrient intake of low-income pregnant women.
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