Design Fires in Road Tunnels (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 104-110
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From page 104... ...
As a consequence, the Burnley Tunnel, which opened in late December 2000, is now widely regarded as an example of a modern safety model. Despite a potentially huge fire and the presence of more than 400 people in the tunnel, only three people died from the traffic accident and none from the subsequent fire.
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From page 105... ...
. One study came to the conclusion that, although some minimum water application rates would achieve a certain objective, a marginally higher rate would not necessarily improve the situation (79)
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From page 106... ...
Typically, the higher the FHRR, the more the water evaporates. • Does the water requirement depend on fire size at the time of fixed fire suppression system activation?
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From page 107... ...
. FIGURE 37 Accidental activation of the sprinkler fire suppression system in Boston CANA (Central Artery North Area Tunnel)
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From page 108... ...
Longitudinal ventilation -- unidirectional tunnel with manageable traffic Reduced fire size may result in reduced ventilation rate Increases mass of air/water mixture to move -- increases vent rate Cools environment and protects fan units from high temperature Overcomes water curtains created by the FFSS -- increases vent rate essaercni -- erifehtmorfyawasecnatsbusSFFehtswolBlarenegeeS number of FFS zones for activation. Longitudinal ventilation -- unidirectional tunnel with unmanageable traffic or bidirectional tunnel Protects tunnel structure Destroys stratification making evacuation difficult (maybe impossible)
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From page 109... ...
It is now recognized that the purpose of a waterbased fixed firefighting system is not to extinguish the fire but to prevent fire spread to other vehicles so that the fire does not grow to a size that cannot be attacked by the fire service.
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From page 110... ...
• With transverse ventilation, a short system activation delay may need to be considered. • Delay with the fixed fire suppression system activation will require additional water supply because of the larger fire size at the time of activation.
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