Design Fires in Road Tunnels (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 111-115
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From page 111... ...
Ventilation is applied during a fire to keep escape routes free from smoke and to assist the fire department and others in reaching the accident site. In most cases, mechanical ventilation will lead the fire to burn fully.
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From page 112... ...
The goal is to have cost-effective, durable concrete that will have sustained load-bearing capacity during fire and eventually without structural damage. TABLE 34 INFLUENCE OF VENTILATION RATE ON FIRE GROWTH RATE Ventilation Rate Growth Rate Less than 1 m/s About 5 MW/min About 3 m/s About 15 MW/min About 6 m/s About 10 MW/min Source: Ko and Hadjisophocleous (31)
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From page 113... ...
Pieces of concrete will keep falling as long as there is water to rehydrate the CaO in the dehydrated zone. It appears that the application of a fixed fire suppression system on the very early stage of a fire development can actually help cool down the fire and surface and protect the structure, whereas a delay can initiate a post-cooling spalling.
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From page 114... ...
Rapid fire detection, early start of self-rescue, and fast application of a sufficient fixed fire suppression system could reduce the design fire size 10 times or more. An insufficient fixed fire suppression system design will not control fire, which will keep growing.
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From page 115... ...
Correction for ventilation N/A as FFSS is activated before ventilation. Correction for tunnel drainage N/A as HGV was used in the example assuming no liquid fuel spillage.
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