Design Fires in Road Tunnels (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix F - Comparison of National and International Standards Requirements
Appendix F - Comparison of National and International Standards Requirements
Pages 160-177
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From page 160... ...
… UK/BD78/99 5.13 In many short one-way tunnels, of up to 300 m (984.3 ft) length, the ‘piston effect' of vehicle induced air flow will provide satisfactory natural ventilation for normal environmental needs, also emergency evacuation routes to places of refuge can be made acceptably short … 5.78 … Except for shorter tunnels …, a lack of positive control of smoke direction is not acceptable… Japan For tunnels over 1500 m for class AA tunnels, either ventilation system or parallel escape tube should be provided.
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From page 161... ...
. Austria/RVS RVS 9.261 If natural ventilation does not ensure sufficient supply of fresh air or if the escape routes are above limits mechanical ventilation is necessary.
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From page 162... ...
or more, which requires large and high cost ventilation plant provisions to be able to cope successfully. Ventilation normal provision for tunnel class AA, A, B, to be considered for C, D
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From page 163... ...
Ventilation normal provision for tunnel class AA, A, B, to be considered for C, D Netherlands/NL- Safe 12.1 When … traffic intensities and tunnel length increases, also the risk of congestion increases in case of a (fire)
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From page 164... ...
For this purpose locks or overpressure are useful measures. UK/BD78/99 3.17 Cross passages and escape shafts … require ventilation to maintain a supply of fresh air to the escape route and positive pressure or other provisions to exclude smoke from any fire within a traffic bore.
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From page 165... ...
fire extinguishers placed at each emergency telephone station, in bidirectional traffic tunnels every 150 m (492 ft) , alternating on each side, in one directional traffic tunnels every 300 m (985 ft)
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From page 166... ...
To be considered in class C Pressurized Fire Hydrants normally provided in tunnel class AA, A, B, C, to be considered in class D
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From page 167... ...
Hose connections required at each portal and at least every 150 m. PIARC The minimum content of 6 kg when the traffic includes mainly passenger cars.
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From page 168... ...
. The minimum required water supply for fire hydrants should not be less than 3,780 L/min (1,000 gpm)
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From page 169... ...
. F3 Tunnel Fire Detection Appendix F3 provides comparison tables on tunnel fire smoke detection requirements in different national (including NFPA 502, 2008 edition)
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From page 170... ...
They can be also helpful in unmanned tunnels with transverse or semi-transverse ventilation. EU/2004/54/EC 2.14.2 Automatic fire detection systems shall be installed in all tunnels, which do not have a control centre, where the operation of mechanical ventilation for smoke control is different from the automatic operation of ventilation for the control of pollutants.
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From page 171... ...
For unidirectional tunnels, escape to adjoining road tunnel can be considered; however traffic management of the adjoining tunnel is required Japan Required for tunnels class AA, and for tunnels class A >3000 m long with bi-directional traffic and longitudinal ventilation system. PIARC Escape corridor or escape gallery can be one of evacuation possibilities.
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From page 172... ...
tubes represents a satisfactory arrangement … provided that a single door does not provide access from the tube in which the incident or accident occurred and a traffic lane in the other tube. Switzerland/ Design In two tube tunnels cross passages for pedestrians every 300 m (984 ft)
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From page 173... ...
Class TA should have increased fire protection; e.g., shorter distance between escape routes. PIARC The most common escape route in two tube tunnels is a connection (cross passage)
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From page 174... ...
The escape doors can connect directly to the open or to evacuation shafts, which are vertical structures for escape routes with stairways leading to the open. Stairways must be a minimum of 1.5 m (4.9 ft)
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From page 175... ...
It covers a Separate Emergency Vehicle Gallery Access (Table F5-1) , Cross Passage Rescue Vehicular Access (Table F52)
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From page 176... ...
Normal provision for tunnel class AA, A, B Country/ Guideline Requirement Netherlands/NLSafe 11.3 To support the rescue teams it is strongly recommended to locate the escape doors (from two tubes to the escape tube in the middle)
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From page 177... ...
wide for parking an emergency vehicle shall be provided outside, close to the ends… In addition to this … an arrangement enabling emergency vehicles to turn around/move from one roadway to another shall be provided externally, close to the portals. UK/BD78/99 3.20 Emergency Services Parking: If necessary, an area close to the tunnel portals shall be provided for the parking of police and emergency services vehicles and equipment when attending a tunnel incident.
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