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From page 8...
... Task 7: Develop Action Plan and Strategic Marketing Plan The purpose of this task was to develop strategic SOM workforce recommendations that will assist transportation agencies in attracting, recruiting, and retaining SOM personnel. To address this requirement, workforce recommendations and alternatives were developed for each of the eight critical career stages across the SOM workforce pipeline.
From page 9...
... Five critical issues affecting SOM workforce attraction, recruitment, training, and retention are listed below; detailed descriptions follow. Demographic changes in the workforce, including Baby Boomer retirement Availability of training New technologies Demand on transportation agencies Demographic Changes in the Workforce.
From page 10...
... As a result, DOTs have benefited by obtaining additional time to address critical issues concerning knowledge management systems and succession planning programs, which are essential to help junior employees learn and adopt best practices in the field. This additional time is priceless, because several participants acknowledged their transportation agency lacked these components completely.
From page 11...
... Given the near pre-requisite of cross-training in multiple areas of the DOT before assuming a leadership role in SOM and the value of transportation experience for all SOM staff, participants almost unanimously agreed that more formal training is needed once an employee enters an organization, regardless of the training students obtain in college. Almost every interview participant representing a DOT on the West Coast indicated a need to create an operations training academy, similar to the University of Maryland Operations Academy, in their region of the country or alternatively, a web-based SOM training academy program.
From page 12...
... . The emergence of ITS technologies has influenced not only what transportation agencies do but how they plan and conduct projects, as "the use of ITS to operate and manage transportation systems creates a whole new operating environment for transportation agencies and increases the demand for people who understand and operate these technologies" (TRB, 2003, p.
From page 13...
... Furthermore, the advent of sophisticated simulators allows for realistic job previews and training for complex positions, such as those in transportation SOM. Demand on Transportation Agencies.
From page 14...
... Transportation agencies are experiencing a shortage of SOM professionals with the suitable skills and knowledge to move beyond more traditional civil engineering functions to the broader and more diverse SOM activities. According to interview participants, the desired skill set and knowledge base cannot be acquired simply from college or university courses, but rather is obtained through on-the-job experiences.
From page 15...
... Exhibit 3 provides a snapshot of these relationships. Exhibit 3 Snapshot of Core SOM Job Functions by Position Level Core Functions Senior Management Mid-Level or Project Related (HQ or Regional)
From page 16...
... Primary job functions for the job titles listed were determined using the results of the NCHRP Project 20-77 study, which included a matrix of core functions and competencies. Exhibit 4 Typical SOM Positions by Level and Job Category Across DOTs Senior Management Mid-Level or Project Related Transportation Management Center Technician/Field Personnel Policy and Strategic Considerations Assistant Chief (Transportation)
From page 17...
... Since the positions and activities associated with the SOM career field are so diverse and vary geographically, SOM managers and their subordinates need a broad set of skills, as well as overarching knowledge of how each activity operates and impacts other functions. Thus, while some of the job functions appear to contain more positions, it is common for SOM employees to work across each of the five functions.
From page 18...
... Opinions on the skill sets necessary to carry out some of the SOM's most widespread and critical occupations vary, depending on the combination of core function and position. One important distinction being investigated by many employers is the difference between core and complementary skills for staff.
From page 19...
... Regardless of whether the work is contracted out or performed in-house, the core competencies related to each of the core functions remain the same. Exhibit 5 provides an overview of the core competencies related to each of the core functions previously identified.
From page 20...
... Network Security – The development and use of policies and provisions in a computer network infrastructure to protect the network and network-accessible resources from unauthorized access, as well as monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of these policies and provisions. Project Management Project/Contract Management – The management of a project/contract for goods, services, or works, which includes monitoring performance, commercial aspects, delivery, improvement, complaints, and customer satisfaction.
From page 21...
... The first column in the table represents the SOC codes of each occupation and the second column lists the title of each SOC code. Subsequent columns represent each of the five Work Function categories associated with SOM occupations.
From page 22...
... of Labor (DOL) SOC Code DOL Standard Occupation Title Policy and Strategic Program Planning Systems Dvlpmnt Project Mngmnt Real- Time Ops 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 15-1081 Network Systems and Data Communications Analyst s 15-1099 Information Technology Project Managers 17-2051 Civil Engineers 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 17-3022 Civil Engineering Technicians 17-3023 Electronics Engineering Technicians 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 43-5031 Dispatchers 47-2111 Electricians 47-4051 Highway Maintenance Workers
From page 23...
... This will assist the SOM community in planning for projected increases in staffing levels and assist in avoiding future workforce skill gaps due to amplified competition from other fields. Once the relevant SOC codes were identified, our team generated and analyzed historic, current, and future occupational estimates for SOM occupations.
From page 24...
... Exhibit 8 National -- Historical Occupational Change Summary 2005–2010 SOC Code DOL Standard Occupation Title # of 2005 Jobs # of 2010 Jobs Change % Change Education Level 15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts 303,364 356,088 52,724 17% Bachelor's degree 43-5031 Dispatchers 90,202 98,005 7,803 9% Moderate-term on-the-job training 49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers 31,704 34,549 2,845 9% Moderate-term onthe-job training 15-1099 Computer specialists, all other 224,950 237,783 12,833 6% Associate's degree 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 297,123 306,710 9,587 3% Degree plus work experience 17-2051 Civil engineers 296,138 302,371 6,233 2% Bachelor's degree 17-3022 Civil engineering technicians 80,463 82,333 1,870 2% Associate's degree 47-4051 Highway maintenance workers 138,028 140,876 2,848 2% Moderate-term onthe-job training
From page 25...
... Change and % Change numbers that appear in parentheses and in red indicate negative change. There are several observations that can be derived from the national occupational change data provided in Exhibit 8, in conjunction with the regional occupational change data provided in Exhibits A-1 through A-4 included in Appendix A of NCHRP Web-Only Document 182 .
From page 26...
... Education Level 15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts 356,088 432,635 500,975 144,887 41% Bachelor's degree 17-2051 Civil engineers 302,371 343,268 368,168 65,797 22% Bachelor's degree 49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers 34,549 39,286 41,398 6,849 20% Moderate-term on-the-job training 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 306,710 335,784 357,383 50,673 17% Degree plus work experience 17-3022 Civil engineering technicians 82,333 91,627 96,525 14,192 17% Associate's degree 43-5031 Dispatchers 98,005 107,604 113,239 15,234 16% Moderate-term on-the-job training 47-2111 Electricians 664,009 726,463 752,438 88,429 13% Long-term on-the-job training 15-1099 Computer specialists, all other 237,783 256,543 268,962 31,179 13% Associate's degree 49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general 1,355,676 1,450,082 1,513,467 157,791 12% Moderate-term on-the-job training 17-3029 Engineering technicians, except drafters 70,019 72,173 74,006 3,987 6% Associate's degree
From page 27...
... , widespread growth is expected in the SOM field. Numerous SOM-related occupations are likely to experience substantial demand increases between 2010 and 2020, including Network systems and data communications analysts, Civil engineers, Signal and track switch repairers, Computer and information systems managers, Civil engineering technicians, Computer specialists, Maintenance workers, and Dispatchers .
From page 28...
... Specifically, the process of SOC association was based on assessing the KSA composition of core SOM occupations. For each core SOM occupation, our team identified similar occupations using the DOL occupational data.
From page 29...
... Exhibit 10 Expanded List of SOC Codes Based on KSA Association SOC Code Description Core Expanded 11-1011 Chief executives 11-1021 General and operations managers 11-3011 Administrative services managers 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 11-9021 Construction managers 11-9041 Engineering managers 13-1051 Cost estimators 13-1061 Emergency management specialists 15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research 15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts 15-1099 Computer specialists, all other 15-2031 Operations research analysts 17-1012 Landscape architects 17-1022 Surveyors 17-2051 Civil engineers 17-2071 Electrical engineers 17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer 17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters 17-3022 Civil engineering technicians 17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 17-3029 Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 29-9011 Occupational health and safety specialists 33-3051 Police and sheriff's patrol officers 43-2099 Communications equipment operators, all other 43-5031 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 47-2111 Electricians 47-4011 Construction and building inspectors 47-4051 Highway maintenance workers 49-2093 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general 49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers 53-6041 Traffic technicians
From page 30...
... % Change (20102020) Education Level 15-1081 Network systems and data communications analysts 356,088 432,635 500,975 144,887 41% Bachelor's degree 13-1051 Cost estimators 207,429 239,169 260,529 53,100 26% Work experience in a related field 15-2031 Operations research analysts 63,446 71,992 78,281 14,835 23% Master's degree 17-2051 Civil engineers 302,371 343,268 368,168 65,797 22% Bachelor's degree 13-1061 Emergency management specialists 16,823 18,993 20,334 3,511 21% Work experience in a related field 49-9097 Signal and track switch repairers 34,549 39,286 41,398 6,849 20% Moderate-term on-the-job training 11-1011 Chief executives 1,229,756 1,387,282 1,457,653 227,897 19% Degree plus work experience 11-9021 Construction managers 704,688 803,582 842,026 137,338 19% Bachelor's degree 15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research 66,122 73,892 78,970 12,848 19% Doctoral degree 47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers 976,603 1,110,863 1,164,824 188,221 19% Work experience in a related field 11-3021 Computer and information systems managers 306,710 335,784 357,383 50,673 17% Degree plus work experience 17-3022 Civil engineering technicians 82,333 91,627 96,525 14,192 17% Associate's degree
From page 31...
... % Change (20102020) Education Level 47-4011 Construction and building inspectors 120,623 134,661 141,632 21,009 17% Work experience in a related field 43-5031 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 98,005 107,604 113,239 15,234 16% Moderate-term on-the-job training 17-1012 Landscape architects 57,881 63,972 66,412 8,531 15% Bachelor's degree 17-1022 Surveyors 52,479 58,083 60,105 7,626 15% Bachelor's degree 15-1099 Computer specialists, all other 237,783 256,543 268,962 31,179 13% Associate's degree 47-2111 Electricians 664,009 726,463 752,438 88,429 13% Long-term on-the-job training 11-3011 Administrative services managers 250,736 270,476 281,696 30,960 12% Degree plus work experience 49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general 1,355,676 1,450,082 1,513,467 157,791 12% Moderate-term on-the-job training 29-9011 Occupational health and safety specialists 52,818 56,449 58,526 5,708 11% Bachelor's degree 17-3011 Architectural and civil drafters 106,753 116,123 117,399 10,646 10% Postsecondary vocational award 11-9041 Engineering managers 177,569 183,977 189,743 12,174 7% Degree plus work experience 33-3051 Police and sheriff's patrol officers 632,770 667,476 678,576 45,806 7% Long-term onthe-job training 17-3029 Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 70,019 72,173 74,006 3,987 6% Associate's degree 53-6041 Traffic technicians 6,893 7,230 7,285 392 6% Short-term on-the-job training 47-4051 Highway maintenance workers 140,876 146,743 147,888 7,012 5% Moderate-term on-the-job training
From page 32...
... The data suggest that related occupations will also be experiencing rapid job growth over the next 5 to 10 years, which indicates that the potential pool of applicants that might transfer or retrain into an SOM job from a related industry is increasing. These related occupations include Cost estimators, Operations research analysts, Emergency management specialists, Construction managers, First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers, Construction and building inspectors, and Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers.
From page 33...
... 33 In this section, industry sectors that are forecasted to shrink between 2010 and 2020 are identified. Results are presented at the national and regional levels.
From page 34...
... Standard Educational Programs Related to SOM Occupations CIP Code Standard Education Program Description 04.02 Architecture 04.03 City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning 04.04 Environmental Design 04.06 Landscape Architecture 04.09 Architectural Technology/Technician 11.01 Computer and Information Sciences, General 11.03 Data Processing 11.04 Information Science/Studies 11.05 Computer Systems Analysis 11.07 Computer Science 11.09 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications 11.99 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, Other 14.01 Engineering, General 14.04 Architectural Engineering
From page 35...
... 35 Exhibit 13 (Continued) CIP Codes -- DOE Standard Educational Programs Related to SOM Occupations CIP Code Standard Education Program Description 14.08 Civil Engineering 14.09 Computer Engineering, General 14.10 Electrical, Electronics, and Communications Engineering 14.11 Engineering Mechanics 14.19 Mechanical Engineering 14.27 Systems Engineering 14.33 Construction Engineering 14.37 Operations Research 14.38 Surveying Engineering 14.99 Engineering, Other 15.01 Architectural Engineering Technologies/Technicians 15.02 Civil Engineering Technologies/Technicians 15.03 Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians 15.05 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians 15.07 Quality Control and Safety Technologies/Technicians 15.10 Construction Engineering Technologies 15.11 Engineering-Related Technologies 15.12 Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians 15.13 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians 30.17 Behavioral Sciences 43.01 Criminal Justice and Corrections 44.02 Community Organization and Advocacy 44.04 Public Administration 44.05 Public Policy Analysis 44.99 Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other 45.01 Social Sciences, General 45.99 Social Sciences, Other 46.03 Electrical and Power Transmission Installers 46.04 Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection 47.01 Electrical/Electronics Maintenance and Repair Technology 51.22 Public Health 52.01 Business/Commerce, General 52.02 Business Administration, Management and Operations 52.12 Management Information Systems and Services 52.13 Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
From page 36...
... On the other hand, educational programs such as Computer Science (11.07) , Computer Systems Analysis (11.05)
From page 37...
... In Exhibits 15 through 18, the results of our related analyses for key educational program areas are presented. Specifically, we provide detailed data for: Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services Programs Engineering Programs Engineering Technologies/Technicians Programs Architectural and Related Services Educational Programs Data for this analysis was generated using the NCES Data Analysis System (DAS)
From page 38...
... Exhibit 15 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services Educational Program Trends 2002–2007 CIP Code Education Program Description 2002 Grads 2003 Grads 2004 Grads 2005 Grads 2006 Grads 2007 Grads 11.0 1 Computer and Information Sciences, General 463,946 455,151 486,933 451,603 395,642 365,174 11.0 3 Data Processing 4,140 6,761 4,895 5,05 5 3,521 2,91 3 11.0 4 Information Science/Studies 134,898 164,944 145,316 128,592 126,509 110,530 11.0 5 Computer Systems Analysi s 5,364 11,832 32,332 26,433 19,410 14,512 11.0 7 Computer Science 97,631 204,515 260,059 243,988 218,714 200,088 11.0 9 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications 0 32,739 43,521 39,985 35,808 28,771 11.9 9 Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, Other 37,138 35,654 34,717 29,763 27,223 24,511
From page 39...
... Exhibit 16 Engineering Educational Program Trends 2002–2007 CIP Code Education Program Description 2002 Grads 2003 Grads 2004 Grads 2005 Grads 2006 Grads 2007 Grads 14.0 1 Engineering, General 41,013 41,801 48,276 49,052 50,501 44,348 14.0 4 Architectural Engineering 11,571 14,581 14,710 16,655 17,414 17,726 14.0 8 Civil Engineering 207,365 222,071 237,029 248,942 265,981 270,665 14.0 9 Computer Engineering, General 139,500 182,917 195,394 193,281 163,077 155,181 14.1 0 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering 361,441 398,427 472,764 466,878 446,256 424,149 14.1 1 Engineering Mechanics 4,992 4,285 4,900 3,34 1 4,349 3,40 4 14.1 9 Mechanical Engineering 299,659 323,594 364,507 383,678 404,830 416,749 14.2 7 Systems Engineering 19,243 22,441 24,974 27,494 35,695 34,214 14.3 3 Construction Engineering 0 3,356 6,397 5,81 0 6,301 6,46 2 14.3 7 Operations Research 0 9,000 13,500 13,463 14,721 14,644 14.3 8 Surveying Engineering 0 0 300 621 519 806 14.9 9 Engineering, Other 34,402 35,543 31,116 35,297 40,502 36,636
From page 40...
... Exhibit 17 Engineering Technologies/Technicians Program Trends 2002–2007 CIP Code Education Program Description 2002 Grads 2003 Grads 2004 Grads 2005 Grads 2006 Grads 2007 Grads 15.01 Architectural Engineering Technologies/Technicians 11,091 9,310 7,291 6,836 7,179 9,207 15.02 Civil Engineering Technologies/Technicians 4,492 4,274 6,090 7,714 6,314 7,579 15.03 Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians 35,991 31,291 39,145 35,302 35,669 36,453 15.05 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians 2,833 3,561 4,048 4,434 3,518 3,648 15.07 Quality Control and Safety Technologies/Technicians 5,888 6,295 6,074 6,489 6,216 6,588 15.10 Construction Engineering Technologies 22,734 25,244 25,379 26,550 30,097 32,582 15.11 Engineering-Related Technologies 10,938 3,014 2,673 2,996 3,194 3,653 15.12 Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians 0 7,188 11,931 14,623 14,010 14,422 15.13 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians 0 4,029 4,518 5,202 4,418 4,343
From page 41...
... This indicates that these programs will likely continue to produce graduates that can be recruited into SOM fields over the next decade. Exhibit 18 Architectural and Related Services Educational Program Trends 2002–2007 CIP Code Education Program Description 2002 Grads 2003 Grads 2004 Grads 2005 Grads 2006 Grads 2007 Grads 04.0 2 Architecture 140,393 149,045 167,381 170,106 176,617 184,934 04.0 3 City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning 34,487 43,152 49,853 55,157 59,306 60,911 04.0 4 Environmental Design/Architecture 15,773 17,043 14,106 15,431 17,241 15,850 04.0 6 Landscape Architecture 26,675 27,274 28,865 30,917 32,920 31,965 04.0 9 Architectural Technology/Technician (New)
From page 42...
... The horizontal arrows (i.e., Policy and Strategic Considerations Career Path, Program Planning Career Path, etc.) represent typical career growth for employees as they advance to higher organizational levels within one of the five core functions.
From page 43...
... Field (Outside) Policy and Strategic Considerations Program Planning Systems Developmen t Project Managemen t Real-Time Operations Polic y and Strat e gy Career Pat h S y stems Develo p ment Career Path Real-Time O p erations Career Path PM Career Path PM Career Path Program Plann ing Career Path
From page 44...
... Nevertheless, the arrows displayed in the exhibit indicate that there are numerous options for an employee to reach the higher senior management levels within Policy and Strategic Considerations. Exhibit 20 Policy and Strategic Considerations Core Function: Career Paths Mid-Level or Project RelatedSenior Management Section Head TMC/Field Operations Technical Support Engineer State Engineer State Traffic Engineer State Bridge Maintenance Engineer Traffic Operator Center Senior Transportation Engineer Director of Operations Highway Safety Director Director of Systems Management Transportation Director Chief Transportation Engineer Assistant Chief Transportation ITS Branch Manager Assistant Director of Operations Deputy Director
From page 45...
... Exhibit 21 Program Planning Core Function: Career Paths Mid-Level or Project Related Transportation Management Center Technician/Field Personnel Transportation Specialist Transportation Technical Engineer Senior Management Division Chief of Operations and Management Chief Planner Transportation Planning AssistantAssistant District Engineer Traffic Data Analyst Transportation Data Analyst State Engineer
From page 46...
... Exhibit 22 Systems Development Core Function: Career Paths Electrical Mechanic Electronics Supervisor Implementation Support Technician Traffic Systems Technician Traffic Systems Technician I Mid-Level or Project Related Transportation Management Center Technician/Field Personnel ITS Section Leader Senior Management Engineering Technician I Engineering Technician V Engineering Technician IV Engineering Technician III Engineering Technician IISafety Specialist Project Development EngineerDirector of Traffic and Safety Civil Engineer
From page 47...
... Exhibit 23 Project Management Core Function: Career Paths Mid-Level or Project RelatedSenior Management Transportation Engineer ITS Project Manager Operations Manager Transportation Engineer Supervisor/Manager Senior Transportation Project Manager Traffic Operations Engineer
From page 48...
... Nevertheless, the arrows displayed in the exhibit indicate that there are numerous options for an employee to reach the mid-level or project related positions, and continue their career advancement to the senior level. Exhibit 24 Real-Time Operations Core Function: Career Paths Mid-Level or Project Related Transportation Management Center Technician/Field Personnel Communications Operator Trainee Traffic Operations Engineer Assistant Engineer Communications Officer Communications Operator Communications Systems Technician Transportation Engineer I Junior Engineer Traffic Incident Technician Traffic Systems Technician Signal & Lighting Technician Traffic Operator Senior Traffic Signals Technician Traffic Incident Manager Maintenance Supervisor Highway Maintenance Worker Transportation Maintenance Technician Work Zone Manager Incident Response Coordinator Senior Management Assistant District Traffic Engineer Assistant District Maintenance Engineer State Traffic Engineer Traffic Operator Center Manager State Maintenance Engineer


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