Guidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 5-18
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From page 5... ...
A major objective of the station access planning process is to achieve consensus from the various groups involved in the station planning effort. Consensus is a laudable goal in any planning process, but is particularly important for station access planning, as implementing many improvements requires multiple actors (e.g., successful joint development requires support from both the transit agency and local jurisdiction)
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From page 6... ...
These entities may control station access services, the land that is or could be used for station access, and the development and traffic management policies that may constrain or support station access improvement programs. Two characteristics of the station access planning process are important contributors to success.
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From page 7... ...
Capacity Interface quality Utilization Rapid transit service Access modes Spillovers Traffic conflicts Parking Congestion Crash risk Exhibit 2-1. Relationship among the station access planning process activities.
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From page 8... ...
Concerns with access to transit stations often follow patterns that can be addressed in a systematic fashion through an overall planning process. This helps organize activities and provides Step 1: Identify the Need Step 2: Establish a Collaborative Environment Step 3: Develop Objectives and Principles Step 4: Establish Evaluation Criteria Step 5: Build a Rich Set of Appropriate Options Step 6: Predict Outcomes and Apply Criteria Step 7: Trade-offs, Negotiation, and Choice Step 8: Implementation and Monitoring Exhibit 2-2.
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From page 9... ...
Build a rich set of appropriate options Address existing and future needs Consider station access and ridership in route alignments and station designations Integrate community design into station development Coordinate station access design with land development Consider a wide range of improvements 6. Predict outcomes and apply criteria Improve sensitivity of travel demand models to transit access improvements Use quantitative tools to assess TOD and parking replacement Engage economic and land use forecasters Develop a strategy to measure emissions Use advanced service coverage measures to more comprehensively understand market 7.
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From page 10... ...
Several attributes, discussed below, support a collaborative environment. Acknowledge Interrelation Transit agencies should acknowledge the inter-relatedness of station access planning decisions among transportation modes and other elements of the community's structure.
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From page 11... ...
Several transit agencies have developed and use formal station access planning guidelines that provide a framework within which the access planning team operates. These guidelines, reflecting the mission of the rapid transit agency, typically define the priority access modes, which may differ between locations.
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From page 12... ...
The transit agency must select criteria that evaluate station access options against their potential to achieve the agency's station access goals and objectives. Station access improvements are generally designed to meet a specific objective, whether it is decreasing cost per rider, maximizing ridership, or encouraging station area development.
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From page 13... ...
. In some cases, local concerns may extend to the relationship between transit station access planning and community development strategy: new access service may support or oppose local development plans and desired community characteristics.
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From page 14... ...
The planning process should respond to these differing interests by introducing the issues early and addressing them effectively through participative planning that engages local agencies. • Community Access to the Station -- Rapid transit station access planning must consider the station access needs of the community surrounding the station.
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From page 15... ...
Maximize Revenue Cost per passenger Cost per new passenger Farebox recovery ratio Maximize Ridership Monthly station boardings Daily linked trips Passenger-miles traveled Economic Development/TOD Station area land value Station access mode share Reduce Environmental Footprint Non-auto access mode share Greenhouse emissions generated Enhance the Local Community Aesthetic impacts Station area congestion Objective Evaluation Criteria Exhibit 2-6. Evaluation criteria by goal.
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From page 16... ...
Service coverage area is a standard performance measurement for transit agencies that defines the catchment area for transit passengers and can help agencies determine the value of a station or line and evaluate its performance. However, a basic air-distance buffer tends to overlook nuanced station area attributes which may determine ridership access, particularly access mode choice.
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From page 17... ...
Reduced freeway congestion N/A N/A Increased local congestion TOD Development opportunities within parking structures Fewer long- term TOD opportunities Development opportunities within parking structures Fewer long- term TOD opportunities Fiscal Impact Revenue from operation of park-and-ride facility Capital costs Maintenance and operation costs Shared parking opportunities Sales tax from commuter purchases Reduced property/ sales tax revenue Fewer station area development opportunities Environment Improved air quality Limited reduction in fuel consumption N/A Aesthetic impacts of parking lots Exhibit 2-7. Conceptual balance sheet example.
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From page 18... ...
and go back through the process with the stakeholders. Providing funding for a station access planning program is an important element for success.
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