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From page 5... ... These databases were searched using a variety of topic-related key words and phrases, often in combinations to improve focus. Key words included commercial motor vehicles, trucking, motor coaches, commercial drivers, safety, safety management, risk management, operations management, driver 6 distraction, driver tasks, driver workload, distraction countermeasures, safety culture, safety climate, crash reduction, driver training, and driver supervision. Read the entire page →
From page 6... ... (2010) analyzed naturalistic driving data from the 100-car study to analyze the crash risk of simple, moderate, and complex secondary tasks. Read the entire page →
From page 7... ... Driving performance apparently does change when drivers are distracted; however, the consequences of this are not yet well understood given the contradictory results noted. Although some early research indicated that hands-free phones are no less risky than handheld phones, more recent work examining naturalistic driving data shows a protective effect in using hands-free phones. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... HS DOT 810919, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., 2008. Rather than conduct another study demonstrating the link between driver distraction and safety-critical events, the authors investigated when drivers are willing to take a risk Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... Finally, the article describes how workload is also negatively affected by distraction, because distracted drivers must divide their cognitive resources between required driving and extraneous demands; as a result, distracted drivers attempt to compensate by focusing almost entirely on the central visual field ahead, as opposed to performing normal visual scanning of the entire roadway, again increasing the odds that they will fail to identify safety-critical events. National Safety Council, Understanding the Distracted Brain -- Why Driving While Using Hands-free Cell Phones Is Risky Behavior, White Paper, 2010 [Online] Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... Finally, new technologies capable of blocking cell phone capabilities are another avenue worth exploring. NHTSA, Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 6th ed., National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., 2011. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... performed worse while completing the in-vehicle tasks than the intoxicated participants without any secondary tasks. It is important to note that participants were more distracted by engaging in the in-vehicle tasks than conversing on the cell phone, meaning that cell phones caused less distraction than pushing buttons in the vehicle, adjusting airflow, changing temperatures, or pushing CD track buttons. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... This study examined driver distraction and several secondary tasks that included: • Visual tasks of less than 30 s (adjusting radio, dialing a cell phone) ; • Complex visual tasks equivalent to one minute (map reading) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... At the same time, talking or listening on a cell phone posed no increased risk and actually had a protective effect. The researchers caution that although these effects can be associated, cause and effect cannot be determined because of the naturalistic nature of the study. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... Hickman, and G Bergoffen, CTBSSP Synthesis 1: Effective Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Management Techniques, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... Bocanegra, Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations, Report No. FMCSA-RRR-09-042, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., 2009. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... Task Odds Ratio LCL UCL Text message on cell phone 23.24* 9.69 55.73 Other -- Complex Tertiary Task (e.g., cleaning side mirror, rummaging through a grocery bag) Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... Countermeasure options included public education and safety campaigns, driver training, user interface design, functional lock-out technology of electronic devices, and interactive control technology, such as driver assistance systems. (Driver assistance systems include functions such as LDW and FCW that serve to make the driver aware of safety-critical situations and therefore have the potential to compensate for driver attention lapses.) Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... conducted driving simulator experiments to determine that driving performance is at its worst with manual tasks, followed by visual tasks, and most effective during with auditory tasks, concluding that auditory interfaces should be emphasized in design and, if visual/manual tasks are needed, augment the driver with driver assistance systems. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Research studies have increased the knowledge base as to the interaction between drivers and support systems, which will be important to the good design of these systems. Citation Summary Battelle, Final Report Evaluation of the Volvo Intelligent Vehicle Initiative Field Operational Test Version 1.3, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., 2007. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... Both visual and motor demands of nonessential tertiary tasks were considered simultaneously by means of using a touch-screen monitor to perform the tertiary task and varying the location of the monitor. Driving simulator participants were instructed to focus their efforts primarily on following a lead vehicle that was sporadically speeding up and slowing down; additionally, they were instructed to perform the tertiary task on the touch-screen monitor. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Llaneras, R.E., NHTSA Driver Distraction Internet Forum: Summary and Proceedings, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., 2000. A virtual online conference was held to assess the dangers associated with the massive growth in the availability of in-car devices (e.g., cell phones, navigation systems, wireless Internet, information systems, entertainment systems, and night 22 vision systems) Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... The authors performed a mixed between–within subject driving simulator experiment to demonstrate that all three of these tertiary communication tasks cause decrements in driving performance. However, performance is at its worst with the manual operation task, followed by the visual information processing task and the auditory information processing task. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... They also identified four safety opportunity areas: motor carrier wellness programs, predicting crash rates based on past behaviors, behavioral safety management, and safety management professionalism. In a TRB synthesis report, Staplin et al. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... This report summarizes distracted driving research to inform states as they consider distracted driving countermeasures, concentrating on distractions produced by cell phones, texting, and other electronic devices. The report concludes that cell phone use increases crash risk, but there is no consensus on the degree of increase, and that conclusive evidence does not exist as to whether hand-held cell phone use is riskier than hands-free. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Bergoffen, CTBSSP Synthesis 1: Effective Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Management Techniques, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003. This synthesis report provides a summary of safety management techniques in commercial truck and bus transportation. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... Corsi, and T Keane, Best Highway Safety Practices: A Survey of the Safest Motor Carriers About Safety Management Practices, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Washington, D.C., 2003. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Bergoffen, CTBSSP Synthesis 5: Training of Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005. This synthesis report focuses on several training tools and techniques used in existing driver training programs and identifies those that appear to have the greatest potential for improving CMV safety. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... From the overall sample, which included long-haul and short-haul trucking companies; construction companies; utility companies; taxi, limo, and bus companies; sales and service companies; home and business services; and government, they found that 32% of all companies have knowledge or evidence of their employees having vehicle crashes as a result of cell phone distractions. Despite this, only 62% of the companies had a written cell phone policy in place and only 53% of companies with a policy actually enforced it, with 61% disciplining employees after a crash or incident and only 2% proactively utilizing technology to manage compliance. Read the entire page →

From page 5...

... These databases were searched using a variety of topic-related key words and phrases, often in combinations to improve focus. Key words included commercial motor vehicles, trucking, motor coaches, commercial drivers, safety, safety management, risk management, operations management, driver 6 distraction, driver tasks, driver workload, distraction countermeasures, safety culture, safety climate, crash reduction, driver training, and driver supervision.