Underground Engineering for Sustainable Urban Development (2013) / Chapter Skim
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, the National Research Council (NRC) conducted a study to summarize current underground engineering knowledge, identify needed research and direction for a new research track to support sustainable development through underground engineering, and examine drivers that promote or inhibit underground development (see Box S.1 for statement of task)
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• Identify the research needed to capitalize on opportunities for enhancing sustainable urban development through underground engineering, in the fol lowing areas: • Underground characterization, prediction of the geologic environ ment, and ground response critical for successful design and construction of underground projects and critical facilities to maximize sustainability and resiliency; • Construction and monitoring methodologies and enhanced excava public- and private-sector audiences engaged in research, urban and facility plan ning and design, underground construction, and safety and security. Based on discussions with study sponsors, this report focuses on contribu tions of engineered underground space to sustainable development and outlines needs in the research, educational, regulatory, and social environments that would maximize those contributions.
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Underground transportation infrastructure (e.g., urban roads and highways, public transit subways, grade separated and underground freight railroads, high speed rail, and pedestrian rights of way) can address multiple growth-related challenges in urban areas Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 3 2/6/2013 3:15:51 PM
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Project and research funding mechanisms tend to focus on solving particular problems with little consideration of long-term impacts on the total urban system. Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 4 2/6/2013 3:15:52 PM
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Development of underground space as part of sustainable urbanization requires expanded and coordinated communication with stake holders to better incorporate site-specific conditions, greater flexibility, and long-term community needs into infrastructure system design and optimal lifecycle management. Potential actions: a.
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edu cational and research capacities to address sustainable urban underground space use. Federal, state, and local agencies, the engineering and construction indus Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 6 2/6/2013 3:15:52 PM
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Potential Action: Allocate resources for broader interdisciplinary education and technology devel opment in underground design and construction. Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 7 2/6/2013 3:15:52 PM
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b. Integrate graduate underground engineering studies with research pro grams or a critical mass of coordinated faculty activity to anchor research to existing programs.
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Traditional undergraduate programs do not teach an integrated approach to practice, and few graduate programs offer interdisciplinary programs in underground engineering, certification in specific areas (e.g., tunneling) , or specialization within more gen eral graduate degree programs that allow for optimization.
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Models of integrated systems of systems such as urban infrastructure have yet to be devel oped and validated. Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 10 2/6/2013 3:15:53 PM
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Age, deterioration, and changes in technologies and use mean that underground infrastructure sys tems constantly require attention. Selecting the most sustainable approaches to underground space use may be more likely if the best available science, technol Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 11 2/6/2013 3:15:54 PM
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c. Develop quantitative methods to compare the value of underground space on a par with other urban resources (e.g., linked to market value of surface Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 12 2/6/2013 3:15:54 PM
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The costs and challenges of re-using occupied underground space remain long-term issues. USER ACCEPTANCE, SAFETY, AND COMFORT Observation: Underground infrastructure can safely enhance the lives of mil lions, but few federal-level safety regulations exist to guide operational safety at a time when underground system complexity is increasing.
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Human factors engi neering can help to minimize costs associated with avoiding or transferring risk, for example, by identifying ways to reduce risk through safety regulations and education when technological solutions are not feasible. Innovation in design and Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 14 2/6/2013 3:15:54 PM
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Conclusion 10. Underground space can enhance urban sustainability only if the underground is thoroughly understood and if underground use and reuse and the protection of the natural and built environments are incorporated into long-term total urban infrastructure system planning.
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Underground Engineering Camera-Ready.indd 16 2/6/2013 3:15:55 PM
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