Saline Agriculture Salt-Tolerant Plants for Developing Countries (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
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In arid areas, this can result In the formation of salt lakes or in brackish groundwater, salinized soil, or salt deposits. There are three possible domains for the use of salt-tolerant plants in developing countries.
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Although the introduction of salt-tolerant plants will not necessarily restore the soil to the point that conventional crops can be grown, soil character is often improved and erosion reduced. Moreover, many arid areas overlie saline aquifers groundwater containing salt levels too high for the irrigation of conventional, saltsensitive crops.
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From experience in irrigated agriculture, Miyamoto (personal communication) suggests the following classification of potential crop damage from increasing salt levels: Irrigation Water Salts, ppm Crop Problems Fresh <125 None Slightly saline 125-250 Rare Moderately saline 25~500 Occasional Saline 50~2,500 Conunon Highly saline 2,500-5,000 Severe Colorado River water, used for irrigation in the western United States, contains about 850 ppm of salts; seawater typically contains 32,00~36,000 ppm of salts.
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These scientists have produced grains and oilseeds; grass, tree, and shrub fodder; tree and shrub fue~wood; and a variety of fiber, pharmaceutical, and other products using highly saline water. Thus, depending on the soil or water salinity levels, salt-tolerant plants can be identified that will perform well in many environments in developing countries.
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Salt-tolerant crops, such as barley, maintain yields at low salinity levels but decrease as salt levels exceed a certain limit. Yields of salt-sensitive crops, such as beans, decrease sharply even in the presence of low levels of salt.
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In saline agriculture, an alternative is to allow the environment to select the crops, to match salt-tolerant plants with desirable characteristics to the available saline resources. In many developing countries extensive areas of degraded and arid land are publicly owned and readily accessible for governmentsponsored projects.
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New techniques for in vitro selection of genotypes tolerant to high salinity leveLs have been found to improve the adaptability of conventional crops as well as assist in the selection of desired genotypes from a wide range of natural variability in individual salt-tolerant plants. Genotypes with increased tolerance to water and salinity stress have been identified and followed in genetic crosses with conventional genotypes using new techniques in gene mapping and cell physiology.
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1989. Haloph Salt tolerant Plants of the World University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, US.
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Saline water irrigation in the Negev Desert. in: Proceedings: Agricullurc and Food Production in the Middle East.
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