Haze in the Grand Canyon An Evaluation of the Winter Haze Intensive Tracer Experiment (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Background
Background
Pages 9-14
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From page 9... ...
In some places the canyon is 1.6 km deep and 30 km wide, and panoramic views typically extend to over 100 km. The aesthetic effect of the canyon depends on many aspects of visibility in addition to distance: the luminous quality of the air; the interplay of color, light, and shadow; the colossal scale; and the clarity of the view.
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The original experimental design focused on the area between NGS and Canyonlands National Park, because this region was believed to be most susceptible to effects from NGS emissions due to the presumed prevailing wind flow toward the east. NPS added additional sampling sites in northeastern Arizona and southeastern Utah, including one at Hopi Point on the south canyon rim near Grand Canyon Village to the southwest of NGS.
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~ ~1 Trumbull ~ =n ~ Ne'Ion.I ] Perk ~ Hopi mint De-" View Glen Canyon Ne1IoneI Recree`ion Are.
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During WHITEX, NGS emitted less SO2 than two or three individual copper smelters whose emissions have since been reduced.s NGS has no technological controls on its SO2 emissions, although the plant was designed so that flue-gas desulfurization could be incorporated later (SRP, 1971~.6 NGS limits its SO2 emissions by burning low-sulfur coal, typ;cally 0.45~-O.55%o- sulfur, which allows NGS to meet Arizona's emission limit of 1.0 lb SO2/million btu for the plant. Nevertheless, at full operation, NGS emits more than 200 tons SO2/day through three 236-m tall stacks.7 These emissions qualify NGS as a major stationary source, defined by Section 3About 120 tons SO2/day were emitted in 1987 in the Los Angeles Basin and about 300 tons SO2/day were emitted for all of southern California in 1987 (California Air Resources Board, 1990~.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated regulatory action under Section 169A of the Clean Air Act (U.S.
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