Nutrition During Lactation (1991) / Chapter Skim
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2 Introduction
2 Introduction
Pages 20-27
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From page 20... ...
, relatively few publications by the National Academy of Sciences, the government, or professional organizations have paid detailed attention to nutrition during lactation. The Academy's publications include three reports prepared by committees of the Food and Nutrition Board under the sponsorship of the Maternal and Child Health Program (Title V, Social Security Act)
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From page 21... ...
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was charged with the responsibility of developing national policy related to lactation and breastfeeding and of convening a national group periodically to advise them on specific issues.
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These social and economic forces driving the decline of breastfeeding are virtually inseparable from government policies, and current government policies offer little hope of change. The United States is one of the few industrialized countries without a national policy of maternity and parental leave.
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The deliberations of the third subcommittee constitute this report. The specific charge to the lactation subcommittee was "to evaluate and document the current scientific evidence and formulate recommendations for the nutritional needs of lactating women." Consideration was to be given to the following: · the effect of maternal dietary intake during lactation on the volume and composition of human milk; · the effect of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and post partum on the volume and composition of human milk; · the appropriateness of various anthropometric methods for assessing nutritional status during lactation; and · the effects of lactation on the recipient infant, maternal health, and maternal nutritional status.
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Valuable assistance was provided by the Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation, which served in an advisory capacity to the subcommittee. Methods that were used to estimate how lactation influences maternal nutrient requirements included consideration of the nutrient content of human milk and its variability, mean milk production and variations in milk production between and within women, and physiologic changes that may enhance maternal nutrient absorption or reduce nutrient losses.
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Since a slower than expected rate of infant weight gain may be given as a reason for discontinuing breastfeeding, the subcommittee paid special attention to the assessment of the growth of breastfed infants. It also raised the possibility that maternal nutrition may influence infant health through altered immunologic function.
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From page 26... ...
Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S.
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From page 27... ...
67 pp. NRC (National Research Council)
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