Skip to main content

Nutrition During Lactation (1991) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

4 Nutritional Status and Usual Dietary Intake of Lactating Women
Pages 50-79

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 50...
... Thus, the lack of general knowledge about nutritional status in this population group is destined to continue for some time unless action is taken to obtain more data on this subject. ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF LACTATING WOMEN The subcommittee briefly reviewed the general reasons for assessing nutritional status, as well as the tools for doing so, and their suitability for application to lactating women.
From page 51...
... As discussed further below, no standards for anthropometric or biochemical indicators have been established for nutritional status among lactating women. The usefulness of values obtained from nonpregnant, nonlactating women as a reference standard for lactating women requires evaluation.
From page 52...
... The findings concerning plasma volume in lactating women and animals make it clear that plasma volume does not return rapidly to prepregnancy values. Thus, for this reason alone, it is probably inappropriate to assess the nutritional status of lactating women by comparing plasma nutrient values with reference values for a nonpregnant women, especially in the early postpartum period.
From page 53...
... However, the degree to which this approach misclassifies women's nutritional status depends on the degree to which levels in lactating women differ from those of their nonpregnant, nonlactating counterparts. As will be evident from the data summarized and discussed below, too few lactating women have been studied to make a meaningful evaluation of the validity of this approach at present.
From page 54...
... for the evaluation of changes in body composition also merit study in lactating women. Biochemical and Anthropometric Data from Well-Nourished Lactating Women Biochemical Measures of Nutritional Status Table 4-1 provides the biochemical measures of nutritional status from the few studies that have been conducted in lactating women and compares them with values for nonpregnant, nonlactating women.
From page 55...
... 55 o au o · cd o z cd o z o ~ ~ ~ ~ v)
From page 56...
... 56 of C em C~ U)
From page 57...
... 57 oo oooo t ~ ~ d" ~ ~ Do ~ oo Go oo on ~Do oo (:~N cry =, ON (5)
From page 58...
... Heinig and colleagues (1990) followed lactating women longitudinally for 12 months and found that, on average, weight loss continued between 6 and 12 months post partum, but at a slower rate than that in the first 6 months.
From page 59...
... A stronger relationship between lactation score and weight loss was found between 2.5 and 6 months post partum. The authors concluded that "lactation has no general clinical importance for post partum weight loss for the majority of women, and cannot be practically used as a predictor for weight development after delivery" ..
From page 60...
... 60 so o Ct o 3 .
From page 61...
... 61 As ~ct ct ~ct ct o ~o ~o o ~o o t ~ ~ c': rho cog 00 ran cog 00 cod a== a== o~ ~= ~= .= ~ ~ ~ ~ =^ ~ ~ ~ ~ =^ ~ _ ~-¢ ~ ¢ ~ ¢ ~ ~ ¢ ~ ¢ ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O O ,y ~ O O O O ~ ~ O O O O ~ ~ ~ O O O O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 3 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 3 3 3 ~)
From page 62...
... USUAL DIETARY INTAKE DURING LACTATION It is important to determine the usual dietary intake of lactating women because it is a major determinant of nutritional status and because most interventions designed to improve nutritional status try to improve dietary intake. The subcommittee reviewed the nationwide data on dietary intake among lactating women in the United States as well as data on dietary intake among less representative groups of lactating women.
From page 63...
... . Very few investigators have tried to examine the stability of dietary intake during lactation, and most such studies have lacked the statistical power to distinguish among intakes at various stages.
From page 64...
... Extent to Which Lactating Women in the United States Meet Current Recommendations Data from Nationally Representative Samples Only one study of food and nutrient intake has provided data on a nationally representative sample of lactating women in the United States (Krebs-Smith and Clark, 1989~. Data from the basic survey portion of USDA's 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey were used to validate a nutrient adequacy score for women and children.
From page 65...
... The values shown in Table 4-6 represent the intake of nutrients obtained from food sources only; in many cases, these are underestimates of total nutrient intake, because many of the women were ingesting various kinds of nutrient supplements. Dietary intake usually was quantified through food records kept by the subjects for 2 to 7 days.
From page 66...
... 66 _4 o ~ i.= .o Cal au V)
From page 68...
... 68 ._ au i_ A_ Ct 4 · _ Z C'0 _ _' V)
From page 69...
... 69 Z ~ ~ ~ o · ~ ~ o 0 ~ =, oo ~ Ir)
From page 70...
... 70 en - ~ ~ o 1 ¢ A)
From page 71...
... The teenagers were found to have mean dietary intakes that met or exceeded the 1989 RDAs (Table 4-51. Data on the dietary intake of lactating women of low socioeconomic status were also difficult to find.
From page 72...
... 72 Cal A_ .~ ._ A_ · _ 3 · _ 4 I Ct .
From page 73...
... 73 Z z UP ~ tl Z Z ~ tl ~Z C~ o ~ tl c-, ~oo .
From page 74...
... Measurements of subscapular and suprailiac but not triceps skinfold thickness decrease during the first 4 to 6 months of lactation. Until reference standards for nutritional status based on biochemical or anthropometric criteria have been developed for lactating women, there is not a sound basis for using standards derived from nonpregnant, nonlactating women in the routine care of healthy lactating women.
From page 75...
... 1989. Dietary intake of total and glycosylated vitamin B6 and the vitamin B6 nutritional status of unsupplemented lactating women and their infants.
From page 76...
... Report of the Subcommittee on Nutritional Status and Weight Gain During Pregnancy, Subcommittee on Dietary Intake and Nutrient Supplements During Pregnancy, Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation, Food and Nutrition Board. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
From page 77...
... 1987. Recommended dietary intakes (RDI)
From page 78...
... 1981. The effects of ascorbic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B~2, and folic acid supplementation on the breast milk and maternal nutritional status of low socioeconomic lactating women.
From page 79...
... 1980. The effects of vitamin C, vitamin Be, vitamin Big, folic acid, riboflavin, and thiamin on the breast milk and maternal status of well-nourished women at 6 months postpartum.


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.