Livestock (1993) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 245-252
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From page 245... ...
allelic frequency The percentage of all alleles at a given locus in a population gene pool represented by a particular allele. artificial selection A form of selection that is superimposed on natural selection by breeders in an effort to change various traits in preferred stocks.
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From page 246... ...
ecosystem A community of organisms interacting with one another; the environment in which organisms live and with which they also interact. effective population size The estimated number of individuals in a population that contribute genes to succeeding generations, accounting for factors such as unequal sex ratio of breeding individuals, variation in number of offspring per parent, and changes in breeding population size over time.
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From page 247... ...
feral Pertaining to formerly domesticated animals now living in a wild state. flock Temporary management units, or groupings of animals, on a given farm that are not necessarily maintained in reproductive isolation and may not be genetically different.
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From page 248... ...
Typically, gametes such as egg cells contain a single set and are termed haploid, while the somatic cells that comprise the bulk of the living tissue of the plant body contain two sets and are diploid. genomic library A collection of transgenic DNA molecules (cloned fragments)
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From page 249... ...
Often breeders begin to develop one highly selected strain for specific production traits, and it comes to dominate production. intensive management Production and management systems for domestic livestock that involve high levels of inputs, such as supplemental feed and veterinary care and require greater management effort.
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From page 250... ...
minor domesticates The domesticated mammalian and avian species that are less abundant globally than major domesticates but are critically important because of their relative abilities to produce in environmental niches and because of traditional or cultural patterns of use for their products. mitochondrial DNA In animal cells, DNA found outside of the nucleus in small, ablate bodies called mitochondria.
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From page 251... ...
preservation That aspect of conservation by which a sample of an animal genetic resource population is designated to an isolated process of maintenance, by providing an environment free of the material and human forces that might bring about genetic change. progeny testing The evaluation of the genotype of a parent by a study of its progeny under controlled conditions.
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From page 252... ...
restriction fragment length polymorphism Variation that occurs within a species in the length of DNA fragments resulting from digestion of the extracted DNA with one of several enzymes that cleave DNA at specific recognition sites. Changes in the genetic composition result in fragments of altered length.
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