Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 13 (2012) / Chapter Skim
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2 Bromoacetone
2 Bromoacetone
Pages 59-86
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From page 59... ...
Both the document and the AEGL values were then reviewed by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels.
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From page 60... ...
Airborne concentrations below the AEGL-1 represent exposure concentrations that could produce mild and progressively increasing but transient and nondisabling odor, taste, and sensory irritation or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. With increasing airborne concentrations above each AEGL, there is a progressive increase in the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of effects described for each corresponding AEGL.
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From page 61... ...
, because bromoacetone is an irritant (causes lacrimation, nasal discharge, gasping, wheezing, and labored breathing in rats and ocular irritation in humans) , and clinical signs are likely caused by a direct chemical effect on the tissues.
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From page 62... ...
All six subjects reported considerable ocular irritation at 1.0 ppm, and two at 0.1 ppm. None of the subjects reported an objectionable odor at 1.0 ppm.
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From page 63... ...
Bromoacetone caused ocular irritation in two of six subjects at 0.1 ppm and in all six subjects at 1.0 ppm; however, no information on respiratory irritation or other respiratory effects was provided in the study report. No objectionable odor was reported at 1.0 ppm.
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From page 64... ...
Experimental parameters, clinical signs, and mortality incidence data are summarized in Table 2-3. TABLE 2-3 Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Bromoacetone in Male Rats Concentration Duration Day of Effects During Effects After (ppm)
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From page 65... ...
Postexposure nasal discharge persisted only in rats exposed at 18 ppm. During the observation period, weight loss was reported in the 10 and 18 ppm groups; however, the magnitude of the weight loss was not reported.
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From page 66... ...
Two of six human subjects reported ocular irritation at 0.1 ppm, and all six had irritation at 1 ppm. Rats exhibited lacrimation, nasal discharge, gasping, wheezing, and labored breathing after being exposed to bromoacetone (Dow Chemical 1968)
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From page 67... ...
DATA ANALYSIS FOR AEGL-1 5.1. Human Data Relevant to AEGL-1 Immediate ocular irritation was observed in six of six humans exposed to bromoacetone at 1.0 ppm, and in two of six humans exposed at 0.1 ppm (Dow Chemical 1968)
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From page 68... ...
This approach was used instead of basing the values on rat data, because when rat irritation data were used to calculate AEGL-2 values, they were essentially identical to the AEGL-3 values based on lethality data. (AEGL-2 values derived with a point of departure of 10 ppm for 43 min, with interspecies and intraspecies uncertainty factors of 3 each, and with a timescaling exponent of 1.3 [see Section 4.5]
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From page 69... ...
Interspecies and intraspecies uncertainty factors of 3 each were applied (total of 10) and were considered sufficient because bromoacetone is an irritant, and clinical signs are likely caused by a direct chemical effect on the tissues.
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From page 70... ...
1968. Inhalation Exposure Toxicity of Bromoacetone and a Fumigant Mixture Containing Bromoacetone with Cover Letter Dated 041086.
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From page 71... ...
2001. Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals.
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From page 72... ...
Total uncertainty factor of 3 Modifying factor: 3 because of the lack of human data on exposure durations longer than a few seconds and because the point of departure is a nominal concentration. Calculations: 10- and 30-min, 1-, 4-, and 8-h AEGL-1: 0.1 ppm ÷ 3 ÷ 3 = 0.011 ppm Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Bromoacetone AEGL-2 values were derived by taking one-third of the respective AEGL3 values, even though there were data relevant to AEGL-2 values and the
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From page 73... ...
Time scaling: Cn × t = k where n = 1.3 C1.3 × t = k (10 ppm) 1.3 × 0.717 h = k k = 14.3 ppm-h Uncertainty factors 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability: 3 Total uncertainty factor of 10 10-min AEGL-2: C1.3 × 0.167 h = 14.3 ppm-h C1.3 = 85.6 ppm C = 30.6 ppm 30.6 ÷ 10 = 3.1 ppm
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From page 74... ...
Time scaling: Cn × t = k where n = 1.3 based on rat lethality data (see Appendix B for time-scaling calculations) Uncertainty factors: 3 for interspecies differences; considered sufficient because bromoacetone is an irritant (lacrimation, nasal discharge, gasping, wheezing, and labored breathing in rats and ocular irritation in humans)
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From page 75... ...
3 for intraspecies variability; considered sufficient because bromoacetone is an irritant and clinical signs are likely caused by a direct chemical effect on the tissues. This type of portal-of-entry effect is not likely to vary greatly among individuals.
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From page 76... ...
76 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Calculations: 10-min AEGL-3: 40.69 ppm ÷ 10 4.1 ppm 30-min AEGL-3: 16.97 ppm ÷ 10 1.7 ppm 1-h AEGL-3: 9.773 ppm ÷ 10 0.98 ppm 4-h AEGL-3: 3.241 ppm ÷ 10 0.32 ppm 8-h AEGL-3: 1.867 ppm ÷ 10 0.19 ppm
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From page 77... ...
at response of 1% Min = 10 Point estimate concentration (ppm) = 4.069E+01 for response of 1% Lower limit (95% CL)
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From page 78... ...
78 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Filename: Bromoacetone Dow Chemical Rat for Log Probit Model Date: 08 September 2008 Time: 11:14:28 Sequence Number Concentration (ppm) Min Sex Exposed Responded 1 28 120 1 5 5 2 28 60 1 5 4 3 28 30 1 5 2 4 17 12 1 5 0 5 48 120 1 5 5 6 48 60 1 5 5 7 51 30 1 5 3 8 51 12 1 5 0 9 51 6 1 5 0 10 131 30 1 5 5 11 131 10 1 5 5 12 10 43 1 4 0 13 6 74 1 4 0 14 2 20 1 4 0 15 1 15 1 4 0 Observations 1 through 15 considered 1 28 120 5 5 2 28 60 5 4 3 28 30 5 2 4 17 12 5 0 5 48 120 5 5 6 48 60 5 5 7 51 30 5 3 8 51 12 5 0 9 51 6 5 0 10 131 30 5 5 11 131 10 5 5 12 10 43 4 0 13 6 74 4 0 14 2 20 4 0 15 1 15 4 0
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From page 79... ...
= 5.628E+00 for response of 1% Lower limit (95% CL) concentration (ppm)
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From page 80... ...
Uncertainty factors/Rationale: Total uncertainty factor: 3 Interspecies: 1, because human data were used. Intraspecies: 3, because contact irritation is a portal-of-entry effect and is not expected to vary widely between individuals.
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From page 81... ...
Inhalation Exposure Toxicity of Bromoacetone and a Fumigant Mixture Containing Bromoacetone with Cover Letter dated 041086. EPA Document No.
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From page 82... ...
Intraspecies: 3, considered sufficient because bromoacetone is an irritant and clinical signs are likely caused by a direct chemical effect on the tissues. This type of portalof-entry effect is not likely to vary greatly among individuals.
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From page 83... ...
Bromoacetone 83 APPENDIX C CATEGORY PLOT OF TOXICITY DATA AND AEGL VALUES FOR BROMOACETONE Chemical Toxicity Bromoacetone 1000 Human - No Effect Human - Discomfort 100 Human - Disabling Animal - No Effect 10 ppm Animal - Discomfort 1 Animal - Disabling AEGL-3 Animal - Partially Lethal 0 AEGL-2 Animal - Lethal AEGL-1 AEGL 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 Minutes FIGURE C-1 Category graph of toxicity data on bromoacetone compared with AEGL values.
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From page 84... ...
84 TABLE C-1 Data Used in the Category Graph Source Species Sex No. of Exposures ppm Min Category Comments AEGL-1 0.011 10 AEGL AEGL-1 0.011 30 AEGL AEGL-1 0.011 60 AEGL AEGL-1 0.011 240 AEGL AEGL-1 0.011 480 AEGL AEGL-2 1.4 10 AEGL AEGL-2 0.57 30 AEGL AEGL-2 0.33 60 AEGL AEGL-2 0.11 240 AEGL AEGL-2 0.063 480 AEGL AEGL-3 4.1 10 AEGL AEGL-3 1.7 30 AEGL AEGL-3 0.98 60 AEGL AEGL-3 0.32 240 AEGL AEGL-3 0.19 480 AEGL Rat Male 1 28 120 3 5/5 mortality; lacrimation, gasping, wheezing, and nasal discharge.
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From page 85... ...
Rat Male 1 131 30 3 5/5 mortality; lacrimation, gasping, wheezing, and nasal discharge. Rat Male 1 131 10 3 5/5 mortality; lacrimation, gasping, wheezing, nasal discharge, and body weight loss.
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From page 86... ...
Human 1 0.1 1 1 2/6 ocular irritation; estimated duration. Human 1 1 1 1 6/6 considerable ocular irritation; estimated duration.
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