Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 13 (2012) / Chapter Skim
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3 Chloroacetone
3 Chloroacetone
Pages 87-111
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From page 87... ...
Both the document and the AEGL values were then reviewed by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels.
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From page 88... ...
It is toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact, and causes immediate lacrimation at low concentrations. Other effects from exposure to chloroacetone include contact burns of the skin and eyes, nausea, bronchospasm, delayed pulmonary edema, and death.
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From page 89... ...
, and the 1-h LC50 of 500 ppm for male and female rats (Arts and Zwart 1987) is approximately a dose of 114 mg/kg, which corresponds to the oral LD50 values (assuming 100% retention, 245 mL minute volume, and a rat body weight of 250 g)
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From page 90... ...
H O │ ║ Cl ─ C─ C ─ CH3 │ H TABLE 3-2 Physical and Chemical Properties for Chloroacetone Parameter Data Reference Common name Chloroacetone IPCS 2006 Synonyms 1-Chloro-2-propanone; IPCS 2006 chloropropanone; acetonyl chloride; monochloroacetone CAS registry no. 78-95-5 IPCS 2006 Chemical formula ClCH2COCH3 IPCS 2006 Molecular weight 92.5 IPCS 2006 Physical state Colorless liquid (turns dark on IPCS 2006 exposure to light)
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From page 91... ...
The authors reported that employee occupational health monitoring in 1981-1986 indicated that 25 employees reported to "Health Services" as a result of exposure to chloroacetone. Of these, eight had ocular irritation, seven had localized dermal irritation, one had contact dermatitis, and the remaining nine showed no clinical signs.
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From page 92... ...
Body weight was recorded before exposure and on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14. Surviving rats were killed at the end of the observation period and subjected to gross necropsy.
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Grey, discolored lungs was the only effect noted in animals necropsied at the end of the observation period. Animals surviving the study showed no treatment-related effect on body weight gain.
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From page 94... ...
No other experimental details were provided. Groups of five male and five female Wistar rats were administered chloroacetone at 0, 50, 71, 100, 140, or 200 mg/kg by gavage in corn oil, followed by a 2-day and 14-day observation period (Sargent et al.
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From page 95... ...
Groups of five male rats (strain not specified) were administered chloroacetone at 0, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg by gavage, 5 days/week for up to 13 days (Eastman Kodak 1992)
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From page 96... ...
exposures No. of rats Observations 20 11 1 Pink extremities, gasping, nasal irritation, rough hair, body weight loss, survived 22 9 1 Pink extremities, gasping, nasal irritation, rough hair, body weight loss 25 11 1 Pink extremities, gasping, nasal irritation, rough hair, body weight loss, survived 39 4 1 Pink extremities, gasping, nasal irritation, rough hair, body weight loss, death 58 2 1 Pink extremities, gasping, nasal irritation, death in 2 days Source: Eastman Kodak 1992.
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From page 97... ...
The data suggest that male rats are approximately 2.3 times more sensitive than female rats to the effects of chloroacetone administered by inhalation. Oral lethality data suggest that mice
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From page 98... ...
Clinical signs included restlessness, labored breathing, nasal irritation, salivation, lacrimation, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema at necropsy. No developmental or reproductive data were available.
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From page 99... ...
Arts and Zwart 1987 Rat 462 ppm 4.5 h Nasal irritation, gasping, and pink extremities Eastman Kodak 1992 after 1 h; rough coat after 2 h; 100% mortality (3/3 males) at 4.5 h Rat 500 ppm 1h LC50 (male and female combined)
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From page 100... ...
In summary, while there is suggestive evidence for systemic effects after oral and dermal exposure, the preponderance of the available information suggests that the primary effects of chloroacetone inhalation are due to direct-acting irritation.
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From page 101... ...
Furthermore, the 1-h LC50 of 500 ppm for male and female rats (Arts and Zwart 1987) gives an approximate dose of 114 mg/kg, which corresponds to the oral LD50 values (assuming 100% retention, 245 mL minute volume, and a rat body weight of 250 g)
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From page 102... ...
6.2. Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-2 Restlessness, rubbing of snouts, lacrimation, salivation, and humped posture were noted in male and female rats exposed to chloroacetone at 132 ppm for 1 h (Arts and Zwart 1987)
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From page 103... ...
The available information suggests that the lethal concentration is lower after longer exposure durations; the 1-h LC50 in male and female rats was 262-500 ppm (Sargent et al. 1986; Arts and Zwart 1987)
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From page 104... ...
AEGL-1 values are not recommended because of insufficient data. AEGL-2 values were set at one-third the AEGL-3 values, and AEGL-3 values were based on a 1-h estimated threshold for lethality in male rats.
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From page 105... ...
Animal data also had limitations; however, oral exposure data corresponded well with inhalation data, showing similar effects at similar dose equivalents. Data were insufficient for derivation of AEGL-1 values.
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2001. Standing Operating Pro cedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemi cals.
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From page 107... ...
inhalation toxicity study of chloroacetone in rats. Civo Institutes, TNO.
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From page 108... ...
108 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Uncertainty factors: 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability 10-min AEGL-3: C3 × 0.167 h = 2,248,091 ppm-h C3 = 13,461,623 ppm C = 238 ppm 238 ÷ 10 = 24 ppm 30-min AEGL-3: C3 × 0.5 h = 2,248,091 ppm-h C3 = 4,496,182 ppm C = 165 ppm 165 ÷ 10 = 17 ppm 1-h AEGL-3: C3 × 1 h = 2,248,091 ppm-h C3 = 2,248,091 ppm C = 131 ppm 131 ÷ 10 = 13 ppm 4-h AEGL-3: C1 × 4 h = 131 ppm-h C1 = 32.7 ppm C = 32.7 ppm 32.7 ÷ 10 = 3.3 ppm 8-h AEGL-3: C1 × 8 h = 131 ppm-h C1 = 16.4 ppm C = 16.4 ppm 16.4 ÷ 10 = 1.6 ppm
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From page 109... ...
AEGL-2 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 8.0 ppm 5.5 ppm 4.4 ppm 1.1 ppm 0.53 ppm Data adequacy: No acute toxicity data relevant to deriving AEGL-2 values were available. Therefore, the AEGL-3 values were divided by 3.
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From page 110... ...
, and the 1-h LC50 of 500 ppm for male and female rats is approximately a dose of 114 mg/kg, which corresponds to the oral LD50 values (assuming 100% retention, 245 mL minute volume, and a rat body weight of 250 g)
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From page 111... ...
Chloroacetone 111 APPENDIX C CATEGORY PLOT FOR CHLOROACETONE Chemical Toxicity - TSD All Data Chloroacetone 10000 Human - No Effect Human - Discomfort 1000 Human - Disabling Animal - No Effect 100 ppm Animal - Discomfort 10 Animal - Disabling AEGL-3 AEGL-2 Animal - Partially Lethal 1 Animal - Lethal AEGL 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 Minutes FIGURE C-1 Category plot of animal and human data and AEGL values for chloroacetone.
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