Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology (1992) / Chapter Skim
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10 Summary and Recommendations
10 Summary and Recommendations
Pages 141-148
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From page 141... ...
It has progressed from the initial identification of immunotox~c chemicals to the development of sensitive, quantitadve Ways that assess chem~G~y induced alterations of the ~mmune system and that determine the mech~ by which xenob~otic substances comprom~se immune function. These immunoassays and other more conventional tests may wed seine as the key to iden~ing biologic markers of immunotomc~t~r.
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From page 142... ...
Although the prmaples and phenomena in humans and animals are basically similar and comparable, it is recognized Tut different responses can occur. Animal models have been used to identifier immunoto~nc agents, to develop immunesystem profiles, to iden~'r mechanisms of action, and to alert researchers and regulators to potential health risks associated with exposure to specific xenobiotics, either consumed as drugs or through environmental exposure (Chapter 6)
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From page 143... ...
Some of these procedures parallel animal studies and require prospective validation ~ exposed populations and In control groups to ascertain their predictive value. This aggressive approach will permit use of sensitive procedures for detection of mmunomodulation In humans.
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From page 144... ...
Does the known ability of ultraviolet light to suppress immune function play a role in the increased incidence of slain cancer detected after prolonged exposure to suit? Is there a causal relationship between chemical-~nduced immunosuppression and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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From page 145... ...
Likewise, the influence of environmental chemical exposures on autos immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which afflicts thousands of persons, has never been systematically examined. Recommendations Studies of human markers of ~mmunotox~cology should be desired and tested to 145 document them analytic accuracy and precision and to evaluate their predictive value for identifying to~cant exposure and predicting adverse health outcomes.
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From page 146... ...
Biologic markers from noninvasive techniques in humans should be an emphasis of these studies. Because autoimmune diseases appear to develop from immune dysreg~ation, the ability of xenobiotics to interfere with normal immune regulation Slat could predispose persons to autoimmune and chronic infl~m matory diseases should be studied.
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From page 147... ...
More recently, such chemicals as dimethylben7~nthracene and pyclosponn A have been shown to inhibit immune-system responses the she and thus to lead to systemic ~mmunosuppressiom Recommendations Studies need to be conducted to determ~ne whether enhanced susceptibility to or seventy of viral, bacterial, and neoplastic 147 diseases is related to, or a direct coDseql}ence of, impaired local immune function Biologic markers need to be identified ~ humans and anneals to detect potentially dangerous charges in local immune function. Markers chosen for development should meet several criteria They should be sensitive; be denved Tom no~vasrve techniques; be meaniDgfill with respect to Sussex tibili~, seventy, and recovery Tom disease; detect injury to specific and nonspecific Immunity of the immoral and cell-mediated immune systems; evaluate local versus systemic ~mmuni~, and provide data that can be used to compare adverse ejects across species.
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From page 148... ...
Recommendations A case-companson study of patients claims unique suscep~bili~ to cllemi~s in the environmental workplace should be undertaken. Because sick building syndrome appears to be a real phenomenon caused by contamination of indoor air that cause discomfort to a substantial number of workers, indoor au polBution standards for homes, schools, and workplaces should be established These standards should restrict offending agents including volatile organic compounds to levels below those at which significant numbers of occupants develop symptoms.
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