Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base (1992) / Chapter Skim
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9 Recommendations
9 Recommendations
Pages 73-83
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From page 73... ...
There are a number of mitigation and adaptation options available to the United States. This panel recommends implementation of the options presented below through a concerted program to start mitigating further buildup of greenhouse gases and to initiate adaptation measures that are judicious and practical.
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Halocarbon Emissions Continue the aggressive phaseout of CFC and other halocarbon emissions and the development of substitutes that minimize or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions.
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55-59, 60) Action items include efforts to: · Develop combined cycle systems that have efficiencies approaching 60 percent for both coal- and natural-gas-fired plants · Encourage broader use of natural gas by identifying and removing obstacles in the distribution system · Develop and test operationally a new generation of nuclear reactor technology that is designed to deal with safety, waste management, and public acceptability · Increase research and development on alternative energy supply technologies (e.g., solar)
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From page 76... ...
policies to remove subsidies and other incentives contributing to deforestation in the United States In addition to reducing the uptake of CO2 in plants and soils and being a source of atmospheric CO2, deforestation contributes to other important problems: loss of species and reduction in the diversity of biologic systems, soil erosion, decreased capacity to retain water in soil and altered runoff of rainfall, and alteration of local weather patterns. The United States now has increasing forest cover, but tropical forests worldwide are being lost at a rapid rate.
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Specific adaptation recommendations address agriculture, water systems, long-lived structures, and preservation of biodiversity. Maintain basic, applied, and experimental agricultural research to help farmers and commerce adapt to climate change and thus ensure ample food.
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to be productive during extreme weather conditions; (3) to manage irrigation to produce more food with less water; and (4)
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Serious initiatives have only recently been started. In most countries, the driving forces behind the degradation of biodiversity relate to the development context within which people farm; harvest forest products; utilize fresh water, wildlife, and fish; and otherwise invest in land or water.
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of processes such as precipitation, soil moisture, and runoff. Some current mathematical characterizations are unable to provide credible regional projections of these factors even when used for scenarios in which the greenhouse gas concentrations are not changing.
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Major priorities should be (1) improved understanding of the costs for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the energy sector, (2)
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The second set changes cloud abundance by increasing cloud condensation nuclei through carefully controlled emissions of particulate matter. Despite their theoretical potential, there is convincing evidence that the stratospheric particle options contribute to depletion of the ozone layer.
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International cooperation in research and development should be encouraged through governmental and private sector agreements. International organizations providing funds for development should be encouraged to evaluate projects meeting demand for energy growth by conservation methods on an equal footing with projects entailing construction of new production capacity.
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