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1 THE NEED FOR NEW APPROACHES TO FISHING VESSEL SAFETY
Pages 1-17

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From page 1...
... The Need for New Approaches to Fishing Vessel Safety Fishermen throughout the world are exposed to risks in nature like those faced by all seafarers heavy seas, high winds, and poor visibility. In addition, they face hazards unique to their occupation-operating near dangerous shoal waters, handling moving gear on rolling decks, and opening the holds of their vessels at sea to stow the fish they catch (Pizzo and Jaeger, 1974; Murray, 1962; Yoder, 1990~.
From page 2...
... Frequently used together with "training" to denote the interrelationship of knowledge and practical skills. Fishermen are the captain, licensed officers, and all members of the crew engaged in service on deck or in engineering departments aboard a fishing industry vessel.
From page 3...
... COMMERCIAL FISHING ACCIDENTS Vessels and Lives Lost Evidence of safety problems exists throughout the commercial fishing industry inshore and offshore and on board about 30,000 fishing vessels "documented" by the U.S. Coast Guard and approximately 80,000 registered and "numbered" by the states (see box)
From page 4...
... One purpose of this study is to provide technical information to the Coast Guard to determine whether formal inspection should be required for all or parts of the Uninspected fishing industry fleet. Documented commercial fishing industry vessels are those with admeasurement of at least 5 net tons for which a Certificate of Documentation has been issued by the Coast Guard.
From page 5...
... Coast Guard Marine Safety Manual Volume III. commercial fishing vessels.
From page 6...
... These requirements vary from cursory to thorough; basic checkoff lists are available from some trade associations and vendors, but data on the overall effectiveness of such programs are not available. On a broader scale, standards of professional responsibility for safe operation have not been universally accepted and are largely nonexistent among the majority of fishing industry vessels.
From page 7...
... In 1971 the Coast Guard completed a cost-benefit analysis of commercial fishing vessel safety programs. It considered fatalities and vessel losses for 10 selected fisheries covering 13,000 documented vessels, about two-thirds of the 1967 documented fleet (equivalent to 40 percent of the 1990 documented fleet)
From page 8...
... fisheries management · NOAA/National Weather Service marine forecasting · NOAA/National Sea Grant College Program fishing industry research and publications · Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) occupational safety and industrial hygiene · National Transportation Safety Board investigation of major marine accidents of the property damage.
From page 9...
... The NMFS funded and the Coast Guard assisted in developing the North Pacific Fishing Vessel Owners' Association Vessel Safety Handbook, which has served as the model for a Gulf Coast handbook as well as one currently under development for the Atlantic Coast (Sabella, 1986; Hollister and Carr, eds., 19901. A formal Coast Guard voluntary fishing vessel safety program was established with publication of a commandant's instruction charging all district commanders with a proactive district fishing vessel safety program, including assigning a safety coordinator to work with fishing interests to promote safety.
From page 10...
... The insurance crisis of the 1980s returned fishing vessel safety issues to the congressional level. Notorious losses of fishing vessels with all personnel aboard during the mid-1980s, subsequent intense political lobbying by concerned and affected citizens, and removal of Jones Act amendments from consideration for legislative action resulted in passage of the CFIVSA, with its specific requirements for safety actions and expanded enabling authority for the Coast Guard (U.S.
From page 11...
... and the National Sea Grant College Program are examining the feasibility of establishing a national network of fishing vessel safety and sea survival instructor training programs modeled after the local instructor training program used by the Alaska Marine Safety Education Association (AMSEA)
From page 12...
... Most fishing vessels operating domestically are exempt from these and other
From page 13...
... §51021. Recognizing the need for attention to safety of commercial fishing vessels, the IMO (formerly the International Maritime Consultative Organization, IMCO)
From page 14...
... and is sponsoring development of a liferaft for small fishing vessels. SAFETY AS A TOTAL CONCEPT Safety problems and solutions are too often considered individually rather than collectively.
From page 15...
... and What is an acceptable time frame for reaching these goals? In 1984 the Coast Guard established a goal for its commercial vessel safety program to reduce fishing vessel casualties by 1991 by not less than 10 percent (fiche et al., 1987~.
From page 16...
... Structurally, the Coast Guard's commercial vessel safety program resembles a total concept approach, though a full benefit-cost analysis of proposed and existing safety measures is not normally an element of rulemaking. When first directed by Congress to look at fishing vessel safety in 1968, the Coast Guard tried to analyze safety issues as a total concept (USCG, 1971~.
From page 17...
... Unfortunately, the data record only limited safety performance information across the entire fleet of uninspected fishing vessels. Prevalent low-level maintenance deficiencies are indicated, and a close estimate of the number of annual fatalities is supported by the data.


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