The Case for International Sharing of Scientific Data A Focus on Developing Countries: Proceedings of a Symposium (2012) / Chapter Skim
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PART TWO: STATUS OF ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC DATA
PART TWO: STATUS OF ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC DATA
Pages 17-36
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From page 18... ...
In short, data access makes a principal resource of scientific research available to all. Traditionally, data access policies were quite restrictive in terms of both policies and practices.
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From page 19... ...
When the Group on Earth Observations formed the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) in 2005, it established the following open data principles: • There will be full and open exchange of data, metadata, and products shared within GEOSS, recognizing relevant international instruments and national policies and legislation.
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In 2005, the National Institutes of Health required data management plans for all of its large grants. And this year the National Science Foundation promulgated a new data management policy, which requires all grant proposals to include a data management plan.
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From page 21... ...
Also, there are a number of fields in which South Africa has scientific impact somewhat above the world average, such as immunology and space science. There is also a high level of particular expertise and activity, and therefore, necessarily, a great volume of research data in agriculture, environment, ecology, and geosciences.
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From page 22... ...
We have the South African Earth Observation Network. We have radio astronomy data; seismic data; oceanographic, geological, and meteorological data; social science data; and biodiversity data, including about aquatic diversity.
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From page 23... ...
We also have a commitment to big science, and that necessitates a lot of work on data coordination. South Africa has given strong support to the African Union's work on science and technology policy, in the form of promoting high-speed, wide-area networking and data sharing, and supporting the development of suitable infrastructure.
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From page 24... ...
THE FIRST INITIATIVE: A Program for Management of Research Data and Scientific Information The principal objectives of the proposed program are to manage, strengthen, and guarantee access to data and scientific information collected and produced in Chile from public funding, in order to: • Facilitate and promote access to, and exchange of, data and scientific information generated in the country; • Preserve the scientific patrimony (i.e. specific elements of agreed national importance)
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From page 25... ...
This platform will involve all the relevant institutions, such as universities and technology research centers, participating in the process of production of technological and scientific knowledge, including the collection of data, processing, production of specific reports. THE SECOND INITIATIVE: Study State of the Art of Access and Management of Research Data and Scientific Information Generated with Public Funding This initiative was the first step for the implementation of the above-mentioned program.
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CONCLUSIONS These initiatives represent a significant challenge for CONICYT. As the main Chilean funding agency for scientific and technology research, it is aware of the value that the access to research data and scientific information adds to the process of knowledge production.
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As for the current situation in Tanzania, we have developed guidelines on data transfer, but there is no policy on research data sharing yet. Difficulties also exist in accessing and sharing the scientific data that has been collected by different researchers.
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From page 28... ...
The NIMR is in the process of establishing a Web-based National Health Research Data Repository. The primary purpose of this project is to provide a storage database for all health research work that has been conducted in the country.
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From page 29... ...
Its mission is to focus international partnerships on the collection, production, and exchange of weather, water, and climate information in order to protect life and property, enhance national economies, and preserve environmental quality. There are two important WMO resolutions related to data sharing: Resolution 40: "WMO commits itself to broadening and enhancing the free and unrestricted international exchange of meteorological and related data and products." This resolution was passed by the WMO Congress in 1995 to provide free and unrestricted international exchange of meteorological and related data and products across the world.
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From page 30... ...
While the community expected hundreds of people to lose their lives, the number was about 10. This was possible because the National Weather Service detected the tornado and, in partnership with the media, alerted people via television, radio, and NOAA weather radio, so that they had plenty of advance warning.
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From page 31... ...
Looking to the future, initiatives such as the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is an attempt to create data sharing for future scientific and operational benefit.
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Hayes. When you mentioned the less-than-optimal policies of certain European countries in data sharing, do you see an improvement in recent years in that respect?
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DR. HAYES: From a NOAA perspective or a National Weather Service perspective, I put on rosecolored glasses and say, "How could we benefit society?
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From page 34... ...
We also have commercial interests that are threatening; for example, 4G mobile communication standards are invading the space that used to be reserved for meteorological sensing and data transmission. Second, going beyond weather, there is a concept in WMO called the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.
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From page 35... ...
All of these involve considerable research and data sharing. So we in South Africa are playing a role both in capacity development and in data sharing in numerous fields, across southern Africa in particular, but further afield as well.
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From page 36... ...
While we may not feel a threat in the United States, the Russian Hydrometeorological Service does. You have to almost deal with those one at a time, country by country, and be willing to sit down and try to find a way to reduce the perception of threat.
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