Safety of Tourist Submersibles (1990) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX A: DRAFT OF U.S. COAST GUARD CIRCULAR ON PASSENGER SUBMERSIBLES
APPENDIX A: DRAFT OF U.S. COAST GUARD CIRCULAR ON PASSENGER SUBMERSIBLES
Pages 47-93
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From page 48... ...
PURPOSE. This circular provides guidance for certification of passenger carrying submer~lblea under Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations, Subchapter T - Small Passenger Vessels thunder 100 Gross Tons)
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From page 49... ...
Additionally, they wag be subject to special local operating restrictions as may be imposed by the Captain of the Port (COTP) relative to navigation Safety, port safety and security, and vessel traffic conalderations.
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From page 50... ...
Guidelines for Stability of Saall Passenger Submersibles*
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From page 51... ...
(1) to NVIC GUIDANCE FOR CEtTIFICATION OF PASSENGER CARRYING SUBMERSIBLES TABLE OF CONNECTS Chapter 1.
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From page 52... ...
Operations Manual 14 14 14 14 14 15 IS 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 20 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 Encl: (2) Guidelines for Stability of Small Passenger Submersibles (3)
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From page 53... ...
Considerable research and development has been conducted relative to the safe design, construction, and operation of small manned submersibles. Participation in such efforts has included the Na", the Coast Guard, the submersible industry, the American Bureau of Shippln8 (ABS)
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From page 54... ...
a. In 1964 and 1965, the AUGUSTE PICCARD, a forty passenger carrying submersible, took some 32,000 tourists on over 1100 dives to 1000 feet in Lake Geneva at the Sales National Espositlon.
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From page 55... ...
They must also meet the applicable requirements of 33 CFR Part 155 - Oil Pollution Prevention Regulations for Vessels, 33 CPR Part 159 - Marine Sanitation Devices, 33 CFR Subchapter S - Boating Safety, and 46 CPR Part 15 - Manning Requirements. Because of the unique design and operating characteristics, as well as the inherent hazards of underwater operation, an uninspected submersible may be permitted in U.S.
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From page 56... ...
This NVIC is intended to outline a basis for determining equivalency or passenger carrying submeralbles to conventional small passenger vessels. Since the applicable regulations Ampere developed primarily with surface craft in mind, many specific features cannot be applied to or may otherwise be inappropriate for a submersible.
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From page 57... ...
However, passenger submersibles are a unique clans of vessels of very novel designs and operations, therefore detailed plan review will be done by the Marine Safety Center (G-MSC)
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From page 58... ...
~Control systems plans and layout, including ~anuevering, navigation, life support, and communication 8y8temB.
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From page 59... ...
Emphasis will be given to emergency equipment, and the operation of all vessel control and life support 8y8tem8.
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From page 60... ...
Additionally, no modifications or alterations shall be made to the pressure hull or any life support systems without consulting the Commandant (G-MTH-4~.
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From page 61... ...
Redundancy of systems and equipment is essential in order to meet this general design requirement. Vital systems, such as those necessary for the vessel to surface, to deploy lifesaving equipment, to disembark personnel, or for life support must be shown to have an acceptable level off reliability, a manual override control, or redundancy.
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From page 62... ...
Two means of escape from the pressure hull are required by 46 CFR 177.15-1. Practically, this means that two hatches are required and must be arranged so that if one is not accessible due to fire or excessive trim the other is.
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From page 63... ...
Talc gas production of plastic material in fires is of great concern to fire protection engineers in all fields of public transportation. Ideally, fire risk assesaments should be performed in the selection of passenger compartment materials, but practical methods have not been adequately evaluated to allow the Coast Guard to prescribe a particular method for use by designere of submersibles.
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From page 64... ...
The transfer of passe~gere should take into account the relative deck heights of the submersible and surface craft, differing roll periods, wave effects, and protection of submersible appurtenances and the hull of the transfer craft.
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From page 65... ...
Consideration should be given to 8Dy reliable means of signalli~g the surface support craft; the sigDalli~g method must not be incapacitated by loss of primary power. The surface craft must have VHF capability to relay distress information to BAR stations and other rescue resources.
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From page 66... ...
Secondary power for fire detection systems should be supplied by the emergency power source or by batteries that hare the capacity to operate the detectors for at least twice the maximum intended duration of an operational dive, or two hours, whichever, ts longer.
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From page 67... ...
The standards discussed in Section 5 of ABS Rules regarding l oxygen supply, CO2 removals and emergency life support are generally acceptable. Provisions for personnel protection from hazards such as smoke or tonic vapors during the time it takes to surface and evacuate should be made.
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From page 68... ...
1. An emergency power source and controls must be provided for emergency lighting, emergency recovery 8yStem8, emergency life support 8yStem8, and underwater communications systems.
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From page 69... ...
or pressurized water ballast tanks aunt comply with the regulations for pressure vessele, 46 CER Part 54. "Soft ballast" or free-flooding water ballast tanks must be constructed of material suitable for the intended use.
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From page 70... ...
Since passenger transfer from a surface craft to the submersible will normally occur at the site, an evaluation of prevailing weather and sea conditions, and the availability of natural shelter, must be considered. Additionally, vessel traffic density, bottom contours, current strength, and the presence of wrecks or other potential enta~gl-ments in the proposed diving area should be evaluated to see if they pose any risk to the submersible.
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From page 71... ...
which must be available before commencing any dive should be established and documented in the operations manual. The ABS rules should be used for guidance.
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From page 72... ...
Maintenance records, including test reports of life support, control and emergency systems, should be reflexed during inspections for certification and reinspections. Failure to maintain adequate records could result in operatlo~al delays when trying to substantiate proper maintenance and repairs of vital systems during periodic reinspections.
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From page 73... ...
The Coast Guard does not presently have regulations which specifically address licensing and canting of passenger carrying submeralbles.
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From page 74... ...
All foreign passenger vessels operatlag in the U.S., are subject to the inspection laws of 46 USC. Due to the unique hazards associated with submersible operations, and the extraordinary application of the existing regulations, requests to operate foreign flag submeralbles in the U.S.
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From page 75... ...
Any foreign passenger submersible that does not hold a valid PSSC must undergo full Coast Guard plan review and inspection for certification in accordance with the guidelines of this NVIC. These will be handled on a case by case basis.
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From page 76... ...
The stability criteria for surface craft are intended to guard agalust these. Submersibles are subject to the same forces and moments while they are surfaced, so they must meet criteria for Surface craft.
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From page 77... ...
Encl.
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From page 78... ...
The weight at G is in effect hanging from the buoyancy at B For a Submerged object in stable equilibrium, G is always vertically below B
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From page 79... ...
HAZARDS While surfaced, the stability of a submersible must be sufficient to safely withstand heeling moments caused by wind, waves, and passenger movement. The passenger submersibles built to date have been quite stable on the surface.
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From page 80... ...
the batteries are installed below the mid-height of the din pressure hull. "Hard" ballast tanks are pressurized water ballast tanks, while -soft- ballast tacks are free-floodlDg water ballast tanks.
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From page 81... ...
But the stability review will have to address new questions and Set new policy in that casee STABILITY HIM PROM There are several elements to a stability review for a submersible: - ~ spreadsheet calculation of weight sod displacement; - A spreadsheet calculation of loadlag during emergency ascent verifying positive GB; A deadweight survey; A submerged inclining experiment; A simplified stability test on the surface; and Some operational tests. Each of these are discussed below in detail.
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From page 82... ...
Large trim angles are normal in submerged operation. SUBMERGED INCLINING experiment Navigation and Inspection Circular (NVIC)
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From page 83... ...
e is the inclined angle (trim angle, here) Since the weight of the submersible, if, and its center of gravity have been calculated precisely on the spreadsheet, the results of the inclining experiment can be used to calculate the actual G8 with the formula; GB.c~ua1 - ad / ~ tan e 83
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From page 84... ...
pendulums Lo Or ~ ~ ~ :~ inclining weights Inclining Experiment Figure 5 84
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From page 85... ...
SIMPLIFIED STABILITY TEST The submersible must pass a simplified stability test to confirm that it is adequately stable on the surface. This should be as outlined in 46 CFR 171.030 with the following modifications: A trim dive, the deadweight survey, and the inclining experiment should be done before the simplified stability teat.
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From page 86... ...
These can conveniently be done in conjunction with the inclining esperimentse Emergency ascents: From several depths, including the certified test depth, all ballast tanks should be blown simultaneously. The time from the beginning of the procedure until the submersible breaks the surface should be recorded.
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From page 87... ...
STABILITY OTTER The end product of the stability review is a stability letter similar to the example below. Note that the stability letter should specifically limit the route to waters not deeper than the certified test depth and to waters consistent with the route assumed in performing the simplified stability tent.
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From page 88... ...
_ commencing each dive. They are to remain secured until the surface craft has verified that they are clear of obstructions after resurfacing.
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From page 89... ...
Box 910, Paramus, NJ 07653-091 ~ "Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy,- ANSI/AMSE PVHO 1, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 Code of Federal Regulatlons: Title 46 - Shipping Chapter I - Cosat Guard, Department of Transportation: Subchapter T - Small Passenger Vessels (Under 100 Gross Tons) , Parts 175 to 186 Subchapter C - Uninapected Vessels, Parts 24 to 26 Subchapter S - Subdivision and Stability, Parts 170 to 174 Subchapter V - Marine Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Part/197 Subchapter H - Passenger Vessels, Parts 70 to 89 Subchapter B - Herchant Marine Officers and Seamen, Parts 10 to 15 Subchapter ~ - Marine Engineering, Parts 50 to 64 Subehapter J - Electrical Engineering Parts 110 to 113 Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters, Chapter I - Coast Guard, Department of Transportation Subchapter S - Boating Safety, Parts 173 to 183 Subchapter P - Ports and Waterways Safety, Parts 160 to 167 Subchapter O - Pollution, Parts 151 to 159 Marine Technology Society, Washington, DC: Safety and Operational Guidelines for Undersea Vehicles Safety and Operational Guidelines for Undersea Vehicles Book II International Safety Standard Guidelines for the Operation of Undersea Vehicles 89
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From page 90... ...
Manned Submersibles by R Frank Busby, Office of the Oceanographer of the Nary "Systems Certification Procedures and Criteria Manual for Deep Submergence Systems, NAVMAT P-9290" June 1976, Department of the Nay,, Washington, DC 20362 "Code of Practice for Operation of Marched Submeralble Craft,- Association of Offshore Diving Contractors, 28-20 Little Russel Street, London WCLA 2HN "Guidelines for the Selection, Training and Qualificatlon of Deep Submersible Pilots" by the Deep Submersible Pilots Association 90
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From page 91... ...
The zone of responsibility for each OCMI is described in 33 CFR 3. ATLANTIC COAST Commending Officer, Marine Safety Office, PO Box JOB, Portland, ME 04112-0108 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, 447 Commercial St., Boston, MA 02109-1096 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, John O'Pastore Federal Bldg., Providence, RI 02903-1790 Commanding Officer, Marine Inspection Office, Battery Parley Bldg., New York, NY 10004-1466 Commanding Officer, Harine Inspection Office, 801 Custom House, Philadelphia, PA 19106-2974 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, Customhouse, Baltimore, MD 21202-4022 Com - ndin8 Officer, Marine Safety Office, Norfolk Federal Bldg., 200 Granby May, Norfolk, VA 23510-1888 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, Suite 500, 272 North Front St., Wilmington, NC 28401-3907 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, P.O.
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From page 92... ...
& Hwy. 69, Port Arthur, TO 77640-2099 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, Post Office BIdg., 601 Rosenberg, Galveston, TO 77S50-1705 Commending Officer, Marine Inspection Office, 8876 Gulf Freeway, Suite 210, Houston, TO 77017-6595 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, PO Box 1621, Corpus Christi, 1~ 78403-1621 GREAT LARKS , Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, Rm 1111, Federal Bldg., lllW.
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From page 93... ...
Commanding Officer, Harlne Safety Office, Federal Bldg., Room 101, 234 Suit St., Toledo, ON 43604-1590 Corroding Officer, Marine Safety Office, 2660 East Atwa~cer Street, De~croie, HI 48207-4413 Commanding Officer, Marine Inspection Office, Municipal Bldg., St. Ignace, ~ 49781-1425 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, Card Park, Duluth, MN S5802-2352 Commanding Officer, Marine Inspection Office, 360 I`ouisiana St., Sturgeon Bay, ~ 54235-2479 Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Office, 2420 S
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