Procedures for Verification and Validation of Computer Simulations Used for Roadside Safety Applications (2011) / Chapter Skim
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viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Report 350 evaluation criteria for test 3-31 on the Plastic Safety System CrashGard Sand Barrel System – test (left)
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ix Table 31. Summary of Global Energy Checks for Case 2.
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1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Obtaining accurate and reliable finite element simulations requires careful attention to detail and careful verification of material properties, energy management, numerical stability and a number of other important computational characteristics. Confidence in the results of computations depends on careful verification and validation.
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2 While the codes and researchers mentioned above were exploring nonlinear materials and geometric nonlinearities, they were primarily concerned with static or steady-state dynamic solutions. None of these codes, at least at the time, used explicit time integration methods in their solution procedures and none really addressed the general contact and impact problems needed to model vehicle crashes.
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3 increase in inexpensive computational power brought impact finite element codes out of the government research laboratories and into engineering design studios for a once unimaginable range of applications. Hallquist named his code DYNA3D, an acronym indicating nonlinear dynamic analysis of solids in three dimensions.
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4 of finite element verification and repeatability of full-scale crash tests was Ray, who in 1996 published a paper comparing six identical full-scale crash tests and an LSDYNA finite element simulation of the same impact scenario. Unsurprisingly, Ray discovered that the acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories obtained from crash tests were not identical but were subject to random experimental variations.
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5 analyses being used in the roadside safety design process. Many of these projects will be described later in the literature review section.
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6 develop and test new product lines quickly and efficiently. Codes like LSDYNA have become increasingly sophisticated in large part due to the needs of automotive manufacturers and their suppliers to perform rapid proto-typing of new designs.
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7 development of the research team's recommended procedures for verification and validation. Chapter 3 identifies model building best practices in easily retrieved form so that both new and experienced users can develop models that are highly likely to run without errors.
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