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9 INSTRUMENT AND PLATFORM SURVEY
Pages 144-168

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From page 144...
... Although currently available instrumentation is adequate to initiate some of the exploratory phases of major future field programs in the proposed Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program, this instrumentation is not adequate to carry out the detailed research program outlined in this report. Currently available sensors cover a broad range from low-technology, low-cost, in situ sensors with limited accuracy and sensitivity to high-technology, delicate, accurate, but costly bench-type instrumentation that still requires considerable development and intercomparison before field deployment.
From page 145...
... In assessing the capability of current remote sensor technology for performing measurements in the global troposphere, we reviewed three classes of remote sensors: imaging spectroradiometers, passive remote sensors, and active remote sensors. We found that significant technological advances, both relative to the species that can be detected and spatial resolution, are necessary to satisfy the long-term needs of the Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program.
From page 146...
... In general, however, we believe that the current aircraft fleet number and type are adequate to undertake the Global Tropospheric Chemistry Program, although improvements and modifications to some aircraft and the meteorological support equipment aboard them will undoubtedly be necessary. OCEANOGRAPHIC PLATFORMS The Commander, Naval Oceanography Command, with the assistance of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS)
From page 147...
... They describe a bow tower sampling system combined with control of the sampling by the relative wind direction. This system has been utilized on a number of research vessels for atmospheric chemistry studies and has proven to be quite satisfactory for collecting uncontaminated samples.
From page 148...
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From page 154...
... 308-nm laser-induced fluores- TBD cence (McDermid) High-rep rate laser-induced 106/cm3 20 min Aerosol fluorescence fluorescence (Andersonja aDetection limit cited is for moist conditions at 1 atmosphere pressure.
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From page 156...
... etection Time Weight/Power Dechnique Limit Resolution Precision Requirements Interferences/Constraints Catalyst flame ionization gas 1 ppb 10 min 0.4% 30 kg, 0.5 kW None identified chromatography Mercuric oxide reduction and 10 ppb 5 min 1.0 % 20 kg, 0.5 kW H2 and other reducing species atomic absorption detection unless separated by GC or removed by absorbents Tunable diodelaserIR 1 ppb to s 2.0% 250 kg, 2.5 None identified absorption kW TABLE 9. 15 CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H8 (Gases)
From page 157...
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From page 158...
... ~ 7 CC13F (F 11 ) PART II ASSESSMENTS OF CURRENT UNDERSTANDING Detection Time Weight/Power Technique Limit Resolution Precision Requirements Interferences/Constraints ECD gas chromatography 3 pptv 15 min 0.5 To 30 kg, 0.5 kW None identified Gas chromatography NOAA 5 ppt 10 min 50 kg, 2 kW Other electron capture trace gas porous cell A column (sensitivity 2 ppt)
From page 159...
... INSTRUMENT AND PLATFORM SURVEY TABLE 9.20 Cations (Liquid) 159 Detection Time Weight/Power Technique Limit Resolution PrecisionRequirements Interferences/Constraints Ion chromatography for NH 4, 50 ppbm minutes 50 kg, 500 W None identified Na+, K+ for analysts Atomic absorption for Ca+ +, 20 ppbm minutes 50 kg, 500 W None identified MA + for analysis TABLE 9.21 Trace Metal Vapors Technique Detection Time Limit Resolution Precision Weight/Power Requirements Interferences/Constraints Activated charcoal column ~ 1 ng/m3 1 hr Noble metal adsorber Airborne mercury spectrometer 2-5 ng/m3 < 1 ng/m3 1 hr 5 kg, 300 W Collection efficiency influenced (sampler)
From page 162...
... Conc > 10-2 cm-3 Electricalmobility D>32 Angstroms 2min 25 kg, 100W Conc.-size dependent Optical scattering (white light) D ~ 0.3 Em size 25 kit, 250 W Index of refraction particle particle shape Optical scattering laser cavity 0.1,um ~ D < 6 Em 20 kg, 150 W Index of refraction particle single particle shape Laser scattering 0.3 < D < 32,um 20 kg, 250 W Index of refraction particle shape Cloud and Precipitation Particles Nephelometer~integrated D >0.1,umConc.
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From page 167...
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