Groundwater Contamination (1984) / Chapter Skim
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4. Shallow Land Burial of Municipal Wastes
4. Shallow Land Burial of Municipal Wastes
Pages 67-77
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From page 67... ...
Fine-grained geologic materials, which have low hydraulic conductivities and attenuating characteristics considered favorable for waste disposal, are geologic conditions generally considered suitable for disposal of wastes. Landfill covers are, perhaps, the least regulated engineered part of sanitary landfills, yet they are critical in controlling leachate migration and the water balance.
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From page 68... ...
The recognition of the variability of the characteristics with time offers potential for innovative control measures and treatment practices. GAS PRODUCTION The principal gases produced by sanitary landfills (in addition to the obnoxious odor)
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From page 69... ...
Moisture is critical to gas generation. Gas production increases in sanitary landfills with moisture content up to saturation.
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From page 70... ...
For example, a standard might be written to limit the volume and concentration of the contaminant allowed to be discharged from the landfill and specify the water-quality criteria as related to a specific water use and/or the degree to which ambient water quality can be altered. The performance standard can be a KEROS CARTWRIGHT Idealized stratigraphic column Depth (ft)
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From page 71... ...
Johnson and Cartwright (1978, 1980) reported on studies of sanitary landfills in the unsaturated zone.
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From page 72... ...
Wastes are buried in trenches dug in natural clay materials or in trenches having artificial or clay liners of low hydraulic conductivity that will contain the wastes and thereby protect groundwater resources. This approach can create problems in humid climates where the amount of water infiltrating naturally from the surface is greater than the amount leaving the excavation through the surrounding natural material or liner.
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From page 73... ...
The bathtub effect occurs primarily because more moisture enters the landfill area than would infiltrate under normal, undisturbed conditions. Trench covers are generally much more permeable than the natural material or liners below the waste, and both cover and liner play an important role in controlling moisture movement through the waste.
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From page 74... ...
Monitoring Methodology A monitoring methodology is an organized approach to evaluating groundwater quality and specific groundwater contamKEROS CARTWRIGHT ination problems, thus providing a framework for the planning and development of a technological step necessary to arrive at valid conclusions. Several methodologies exist at the site-specific level, while monitoring "strategies" are being developed at the national and state levels.
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From page 75... ...
x x x x x x Stockpiles x NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Industrial Cooling water x x x x Process waters x x x x Storm runoff x x x x x x Boiler blowdown x x x Stockpiles x NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Water treatment plant effluent x x x x Hydrocarbons x x x x Tanks and pipeline leaks x x NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Oilfield wastes Brines Hydrocarbons Mining Wastes x x x x x x x x x x Miscellaneous Polluted precipitation and surface water x x NA NA Septic tanks and cesspools Highway de-icing Seawater intrusion x NA x x NA NA x NA NA aFrom Todd et al.
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From page 76... ...
. Procedures for the collection of representative water quality data frown monitoring wells, Illinois State Water Surveyllllinois State Geological Survey Cooperative, Groundwater Report 7, 61 pp.
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From page 77... ...
. An Environmental Assessment of Potential Gas and Leachate Problems at Land Disposal Sites, Environmental Protection Publ.
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