The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985 (1991) / Chapter Skim
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1 Physical Setting and Geologic History
1 Physical Setting and Geologic History
Pages 5-11
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From page 5... ...
MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT The summit of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano is located at about 5,400 m above sea level and remains covered year-round by a 10- to 30-m-thick ice cap that extends over an area of approximately 19 km2 (INGEOMINAS, personal communication) with an estimated total ice volume of 337 million m3 (Figure 1.1~.
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From page 6... ...
6 THE NEVADO DEL RUIZ VOLCANO FIGURE 1.1 The summit region of Nevado del Ruiz volcano subsequent to the November 13, 1985 eruption. Note vapor cloud issuing from the summit crater and the tephra blanket overlying the glacial ice cap.
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From page 7... ...
The foothills at the base of the eastern side of the volcano are at an approximate elevation of 400-700 m, 45 km east of the summit. A gently sloping floodplain extends 20 km east from the foothills to the bank of the north-bound Magdalena River.
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From page 8... ...
These two cities, located directly east of the summit between the Recio and Lagunillas rivers, are L~'bano and Murillo. The largest city, L~'bano, is located approximately 29 km east of the summit, at 1,590 m above sea level.
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From page 9... ...
Large mudflows developed along both the Guali and Lagunillas rivers and both rivers were overwhelmed by a viscous mass of mud and ash with a strong sulfur odor. The land flooded by this mud was reportedly burned and fish died in both rivers The largest flows apparently descended down the Lagunillas River.
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From page 10... ...
The author indicates that a 500-m3 dioritic block was carried by the mudflows a distance of 2 km beyond the mouth of the Lagunillas River canyon onto the floodplain. Farther south on the floodplain, especially along creeks and in the lower areas, the author observed "millions" of smaller angular blocks ranging from 10 cm3 to 5 m3.
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From page 11... ...
Thick mudflows with an intense odor of sulfur (indicating possible volcanic eruption as well) were observed along the Magdalena and Cauca rivers immediately after these earthquakes (Boussingault, 1849~.
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