Global Environmental Change Understanding the Human Dimensions (1992) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Index
Index
Pages 293-308
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 293... ...
Index A Acid rain, 26, 155, 247-248 Adaptation, 107, 108, 138, 140142, 165nn.4 and 5 Adjustment, 107-108, 165nn.4 and 5, 241 Aerosol spray cans, 57, 117, 133 Africa, 18, 79, 127 Aggregate analysis, 96 Agrarian reform, 70 Agriculture, 168, 171, 175, 177, 179, 202 adaptive strategies, 107, 108, 140-142 biological diversity effects, 17 climate change and, 35, 107, 127, 136, 246 deforestation effects, 20, 33, 72, 74, 83, 107 greenhouse gas emissions, 18, 40, 108, 153 management systems, 97 polyculture, 4, 108, 141 population growth and, 94 productivity data, 204 Sahelian drought, 127, 128, 162 ~93 Air conditioning, 56-57, 58, 107, 118 Airlines, 122 Air pollution, 26, 66, 88, 97, 139, 152, 153, 169 Albedo, 26, 27, 179, 212 Amazon Basin, 87-88, 98 agriculture, 70, 72, 74, 140, 141 deforestation, 20-21, 36, 67-75, 99n.2, 99-100n.3, 158, 162 American bison, 99-lOOn.3 Ammonia, 18, 56 Analytical data and accounting, 218-219 Antarctica, 113 ozone hole, 19, 28, 54, 58, 117118 Anthropology, 176, 238 AralSea,87, 158 Arctic ozone, 28 Argentina, 82 Arms control, 252 Asia, 79 Atmosphere, 1, 26, 32 uniform law of, 21, 155 Attitudes and beliefs, 3, 75, 89-92, 95
|
From page 294... ...
A., 215 Boom town development, 190 Brazil data sampling, 219, 249 economic development policies, 20~21, 69, 7~71, 75, 93, 98,241 energy consumption, 63 foreign debt, 71-72 land tenure, 70, 74, 93 resource use, 141 tropical deforestation, 67-70, 94, 109, 153, 155, 240 British Antarctic Survey, 54 C California, 55, 57 Canada, 27, 36, 82 106- Cancer, 35, 151 skin cancer, 4, 28, 107, 117, 119, 201-202 "war on cancer, " 224 Capitalism, 86-87, 89, 91, 94, 158, 177 Carbon dioxide (CO21 data availability, 215 deforestation and, 1 7, 18, 48 emission modeling, 182, 184 emissions, China, 53, 60, 61, 64-65, 66, 155 emissions, Europe, 82 environmental effects, 27, 35 fossil fuel emissions, 17, 48, 60, 96, 245 greenhouse effect contribution, 18, 25, 28, 33, 45-46, 47, 50, 60, 64, 200, 245 human consequences, 31 human responses, 30, 105, 106 107, 110, 155, 163 Carbon tax, 21 Carbon tetrachloride, 19, 118 Carrier, Willis H., 56 Case studies, 186, 196, 215 Cataracts, 28 Cattle raising, 36, 69, 71, 72, 128 Catton, W R., Jr., 90 Charleston, S.C., 54 Chemical industry, 119 Chicago, Ill., So China agricultural land use, 74 carbon dioxide emissions, 53, 60, 61, 64-65, 66, 155 and CFC regulations, 19, 118 119, 153 coal burning, 60-67, 86, 87, 93, 94, 155-156 data sampling, 219, 249 energy intensity, 61-64, 65, 67, 95, 126, 174
|
From page 295... ...
INDEX I 295 Chlorofluorocarbons {CFCl, 35, 94-95, 98, 99 aerosol spray ban, 57, 117, 133 developing countries and, 153, 155-156 economic models and, 137, 168 greenhouse gas contribution, 18, 19, 27, 28, 45-46, 47, 49, 58 invention of, 19, 56, 59-60, 93, 159 mitigation of effects, 107,199 Montreal Protocol, 19, 58, 116 117, 118-119 ozone depletion, 17,19-20,28, 31-32, 54, 57-58 research issues, 174,180, 186, 200, 202 Cities, 37, 58, 72 Climate change, 20,24 agricultural effects, 35,107, 127,136,246 carbon dioxide contribution, 18, 25, 28, 33, 45~6, 47, 50, 60, 64,200,245 CFC contribution, 18, 19, 27, 28,45-46,47,49,58 deforestation and, 18,68, 245-246 forest migration, 31 greenhouse gas emission, l 8, 28, 29, 33, 66-67, 165n.3, 239 human consequences of, 26-27, 28-29 human responses to, 22, 104105,106-107,113,120,132, 136,143,152-153,163 mitigation controversy, 109-1 13 modeling of, 29,32,182,189,236 research issues, 170-171,200201,218,230-231,239,245246,248 tree-stmctured account, 45-52 Cloud patterns, 27, 29, 165n.3 Coal combustion, 87,137 China, 60-67,86,87,93,95, 155-156 Collective action, 37,41,154,156, 229-230 Command economies, 61-62,64, 66,67,97-98,157 Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences {CEES,, 10, 233,237 Communication technology, 158 Communities, 6, 142-145 Comparative analysis, 96-97 Comparative politics, 212 Comparative studies, 6, 95-97, 164, 186, 240 Computer simulation, 188 Conflict management, 14, 115116,150-151,161, 242-243, 247 Conservation of matter, 80 Contraception, 214 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora jl973l, 154 Corporations, 6, 70-71, 143, 145, 146-147, 148, 156 Costa Rica, 88 Costs benefit-cost analysis, 192-193 data collection, 7-8, 206, 210211, 212-213, 248 environmental protection, 85, 148 international organizations, 156 market externalities, 85-86, 136-137,139 national research program, 1516,254-256 social costs, 80,246 Cretaceous period, 30 Critical zones, 221-222 Cultural ecology, 37-39 Cultural factors, 36 Cultural identity, 159 D Data, 42, 200-203, 234 analytical data and accounting, 218-219 availability, 7-8,75,127,204206
|
From page 296... ...
, 205 Demography, 36, 77, 176, 205, 212, 214, 227, 252 Dependency theory, 8 7-88, 89 Desertification, 25, 26, 127 Developing countries data availability, 213, 219 environmental damage in economic growth, 81, 82, 87, 94, 155, 158 and Montreal Protocol, 19, 1 18, 153 population growth, 79, 157 Directed case comparisons, 186 Discount rates, 1 1 1, 1 12, 137, 139 Drought, 4, 69, 127-30, 140, 142, 162, 163-164, 242 Dunlap, R E., Jr., 90 DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc., 19, 58, 118, 119 Dust Bowl, 142 E Earth albedo, 26, 27 gene pool, 37 radiative balance, 44, 47, 106 "Earth as Transformed by Human Action," 39 Earth Observing System {EOSJ, 8, 209,210,211,250,251 Econometrics, 196,215 Economic development data availability, 204,217 and energy intensity, 18, 61,94, 126 and environmental conflict, 113-114,144,155,162 and greenhouse gas emissions, 18,53,64-65,66,97-98 as human cause of change, 2, 75, 79-83 public policy, 20, 61-62, 66, 70 72,82,88 research needs, 93, 95,200, 201, 240 resource exploitation, 80-81, 88,90,157 technology and, 94 Economics, 36,91,176, 212, 214, 238 Economic Surveys IOECD)
|
From page 297... ...
INDEX / 297 Economic theory, 85-86, 136, 137 139 Ecosystem diversity, 67, 68 Educational levels, 177 Ehrlich, Paul R., 76 Electricity production, 57, 63, 66, 69 Electrification, 60 Energy conservation and efficiency automobiles and transportation, 37, 51-52, 104-105, 122, 124, 133 data availability, 211 global warming mitigation, 104-105, 113, 120, 126, 133134, 143, 242 policy evaluation, 189, 191, 199 United States, 37, S1-52, 63, 120-127, 133 Energy consumption air conditioning, 57 China, 61-64, 95 data availability, 204, 216-217 and economic development, 18, 61, 64-65, 126 national variations in, 1, 18, 36, 78, 240, 245 United States, 18, 35-36, 37, 63, 109, 120, 122, 126, 174 Energy demand, 53, 59, 201 Energy intensity China, 61-64, 65, 67, 95, 126, 174 national variations in, 13, 62, 245 research needs, 245 United States, 37, 120-121, 126, 245 Energy prices, 122-124, 125, 126, 137, 218 Enlightenment, 90 Environmental change, 25-33 Environmental change, human causes of, 17, 18, 44-45, 5354 attitudes and beliefs, 3, 75, 8992, 95 economic growth, 2, 75, 79-83 human and environmental system interaction, 1, 33-34, 42-43 mitigation of, 4, 105-107, 163, 165n.2 political-economic institutions, 3, 75, 85-89, 197 population growth, 2, 75, 76-79 research and research needs, 3, 40-42, 92-93, 95-99, 167, 239-241 social driving forces, 75-76, 93-95 social sciences and, 21-22, 24, 35-37, 40-42, 236-237 technological change, 2-3, 75, 77, 83-85 tree-structured accounting system for, 45-53, 92 Environmental change, human consequences of, 1-2, 4, 22, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34-35, 101, 102-104, 116 conflict, 4-5, 109-116 research and research needs, 4, 37, 160-162, 167, 237 valuation of, 13, 161, 192-194, 246 Environmental change, human responses to, 2, 5, 17, 101, 104-109, 116 adaptation, 107-108, 138, 140142, 165nn.4, 5 assessment of consequences and, 28, 103-104, 16~161, 187 decision making, 151-152, 242243, 247 feedback Lo driving forces, 2223, 24, 164, 168 global social change, 6, 130131, 156-60, 177 individual perception, judgment, and action, 5, 130-136, 142 international cooperation, 5-6, 14, 19, 130-131, 152-1~6, 158, 177, 180, 181, 248 markets, 5, 104, 130-131, 136139, 157-158, 162
|
From page 298... ...
298 / INDEX mitigation, 4, 105-107, 109 113, 163-164, 241 national policies, 5, 130-131, 147-152, 179 post hoc analysis of, 7, 104, 190-191, 198-199 research and research needs, 4, 6, 103-104, 160-161, 162 164, 237, 238, 241-244 social system robustness, 4, 108, 162-163, 166n.6, 241, 242 sociocultural systems, 5, 130 131, 140-143, 158, 162-163 suLnational-level organizations, 5, 130-131, 143-147 Environmental conflict, 13-14, 109, 114-115, 116 conflict management, 14, 115 116, 150-151, 161, 242-243, 247 economic development and environmental protection, 113-114, 144, 155, 162 global warming mitigation 109-113 reflexivity and, 180-181 research needs, 4-S, 160, 161, 247-248 Environmental degradation, 76-77, 80, 90, 130 Environmental ethics, 90 Environmental history, 37-39 Environmental impact statements, 199 Environmental management, 177 Environmental movement organizations, 117, 118, 134-135, 145-146, 147, 148, 150, 156 Environmental paradigm, 90 Environmental perception, 37-38, 171 Environmental psychology, 38 Environmental quality, 81, 88, 124, 157-158, 216-217 Environmental regulations, 148, 149,150,179,242 Environmental sociology, 38 Environmental spillo~rers, 153, 218, 219 Environmental systems, 1, 26, 3034, 102, 164, 168, 169, 181, 241 Ethnography, 190 Europe, 27 energy consumption, 36, 240 environmental movement in, 146, 147 environmental policies, 147~8, 149 gasoline taxes, 104-105 pollutant emissions, 82, 153 resource use, 81-82 sampling nations, 219, 249 social and political transformations, 175, 177 European settlement in America, 104 Expert judgments, 132, lS1 F Famine, 4, 127, 128, 129 Farman, Joseph, 54 Feedback mechanisms, 22-23, 24, 26, 3S, 94, 168-169 Fellowships, 9, 14-15, 16, 228, 229, 235, 251, 252, 255 Fertility rates, 77-78, 111, 176, 179-180, 211, 214 Fertilizers, 18, 106-107 Florida, 55, 57 Food and Agriculture Organization, 204-205 Food production, 13, 55-56, 94, 217, 245-246 Forest migration, 31, 111-112, 166n.8 Fossil fuels, 35, 71, 74, 83 carbon dioxide emission, 17, 18, 46, 96, 245 Chinese consumption, 60-61, 65, 94 consumption trends, 41-42, 174, 178, 186
|
From page 299... ...
See Climate change Gran Carajas, Brazil, 69 Grand Canyon, 80 Great Britain, 147-148, 149 Great Plains, 141 -142, 179 Greece, 126 Greenhouse effect. See Climate change Greenhouse gases, 25, 26 Chinese emissions, 60, 64, 67 climate change effects, 18, 28, 29, 33, 66-67, 165n.3 deforestation effects, 67 economic growth and, 18, 53, 64-65, 66, 97-98 human contributions, 27, 4546, 47, 49-51, 59, 60, 92, 239 human mitigation responses, 104, 108, 113, 126 international cooperation, 153 market effects, 97 models, 178, 181, 236 research priorities, 40, 200 U.S.
|
From page 300... ...
300 / INDEX individual perception, judgment, and action, 5, 130-136, 142 international cooperation, 5-6, 130-131, 152-156 interventions in, 106, 107 irreversibility, 175 markets, 5, 130-131, 136-139 national policies, 5, 130-131, 147-152, 179 Industry, 175 deforestation, 68, 69, 72 energy consumption, 61-62, 63, 65, 97, 126, 159 and environmental protection, 146, 150 pollutant emissions, 17, 169 Information network, 206-210 Institutional structures, 9, 36, 223, 22~226 research priorities, 97, 109, 239-240, 241 Integrated circuit manufacture, 57 responses of, 103, 110, 116, 126, Integrative models, 7, 181-182, 187 185, 198 robustness of systems, 108, 242 sociocultural systems, 5, 130 131, 140-143 subnational-level organizations, 5, 130-131, 143-147 theory of, 197 Hungary, 62, 177-178 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons THCFCl, 19, 47, 49 Hydroelectric power, 20, 61, 69 Hydrohalocarbons, 19 Hydrosphere, 1, 26 T Immune system response, 28 Income, 79, 178, 204, 218 India data sampling, 219, 249 energy consumption, 18, 62, 63, 64, 78 greenhouse gas emissions, 153, 155 and Montreal Protocol, 19, 118 119 population growth, 111 Individual perception, judgment, and action, 5, 130-136, 142 Indonesia, 63, 64, 75, 155, 218, 240 Industrialization, 60, 61, 64-65, 88, 126, 179 Industrial Revolution, 17, 18, 177, 241 Inter-American Development Bank, 69 Interdependencies, 30-31, 32, 167, 173, 174, 180, 182, 186 Interdisciplinary collaboration, 25, 37-38, 77, 164, 167, 168, 193-194. See also Social and natural science collaboration barriers to, 10-1 1 data collection, 212 national research program, 9, 226, 253 necessity of, 6, 95, 186, 196197 recommendations, 225-226 research priorities, 32, 42, 93, 174-175, 229, 230-232, 243 in social sciences, 171-172 Interest groups, 148-149, 150 Interest rates, 137 Intergovernmental organizations, 156 International agreements, 19, 58, 59, 116-120, 138, 147, 168 International Atomic Energy Agency, 177 Intemational collaboration, research, 42, 243-244 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (19461, 154 Intemational cooperation, environmental, 5-6, 14, 19, 130-131, 152-156,158, 177,180,181, 248
|
From page 301... ...
, 205, 207 Investment, 163, 177, 179 Iron, 30, 110 Irreversible changes, 31, 92, 167, 173, 175-176, 182 Irrigation, 87, 127, 130 Islam, 159 Jamaica, 62 Japan, 218 energy consumption, 18, 36, 126 environmental policies, 147, . ^ 148, 149 gasoline taxes, 104-105 and Montreal Protocol, 118 lava, 74 Judeo-Christian tradition, 89 Land use agricultural, 179 data needs, 201, 203, 217 and deforestation, 71, 72-75, 129 research priorities, 13, 36, 142, 182, 212, 245-246 Land values, 216 Latin America, 79, 88 Law of the atmosphere, 21, 155 Law of the sea, 155 Leisure time budgets, 216 Lesotho, 18 Levies, R., 183 Library of Congress, 211 Local data collection, 220-222 Logging industry, 69, 71, 72 Louis Harris Data Center, 205 M Mahar, D., 70 Malthus, Thomas R., 39, 76 "Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth," 39 Manufacturing, 69, 81, 12~121, 152 Manufacturing solvents, 57, 58 Market economies.
|
From page 302... ...
See also Publi c policy National Research Council {NRC) , 16,78,255-256 Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Modeling, 7, 32-33, 172-173, 174- Change, 24, 208, 221 175, 181-185, 188-190, 194- National research program, 10-16, 196, 198 40, 235, 249, 254-256
|
From page 303... ...
. Nongovernmental organizations, 142-143, 148, 151 Nonlinearity, 31, 167, 173, 175, 182 Nonmarket activity, 219 Nonmarket use of time, 218 Nonmarket valuation, 216 Normative forecasting, 195 Nuclear power, 61, 83, 132, 169, 188 o Oceans, 26, 30, 106, 110 Oil, 96, 137 Oil shocks, 121, 122-123, 126 Oil spills, 218 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development {OECDl, 7-8, 201, 205, 210211, 218 Overgrazing, 127, 128, 130 Ozone layer depletion, 24, 26, 99 Antarctica, 19, 28, 54, 58, 117118 chlorofluorocarbon accumulation in, 17, 19, 28, 32, 54, 57-60 externalities costs, 85-86 human consequences of, 28, 35, 201-202 human responses to, 37, 107, 108, 133, 199, 202, 236 international cooperation, 1920, 59, 116-120, 152-153, 154, 155, 168, 248 Montreal Protocol, 19, 58, 59, 116-117, 118 research priorities, 119-120, 168, 180, 248 time scales, 27, 32 p Pakistan, 18, 64 Para, Brazil, 74 Permian period, 30 Pesticides, 169 Physical science, 32, 212, 216 Phytoplankton, 30, 110 Poland, 62, 177-178 Policy analysis, 192, 194 Policy evaluation, 22, 164, 189190, 191, 199 Political-economic institutions, 3, 75,85-89,197 Political factors, 36 Political process, 192, 193, 195 Political science, 38, 156, 176, 238 Pollution air pollution, 26, 66, 88, 97, 139, 152, 153, 169 international cooperation and, 153, 169, 248 markets and, 97 national policies and, 66, 82, 88, 179 oceans, 26 population growth and, 157 research priorities, 139, 152, 182 and species extinction, 31 technological development and, 59, 83 Polyculture, 4, 108, 141 Population growth, 111, 157, 179180, 191, 227 as cause of environmental change, 2, 7S, 76-79
|
From page 304... ...
energy conservation, 88, 123-124 Q Quasi-experimentation, 185-186 R Rainfall adaptation to, 141-142 deforestation and, 68, 99n.2 global warming and, 26, 29, 34, 127, 165n.3 models of, 171, 181, 189 Sahel region, 128, 129 Rand Corporation, 253-254 Randomized experiments, 185 Rationalism, 89 Reagan, Ronald, 177-178 Recommendations, 235 data, 14, 211, 217, 219, 222, 248-251 fellowships, 9-10, 14-15, 228, 251-252 funding, 15-16, 254-256 information network, 209-210 interdisciplinary research, 225 226 national centers for research, 9, 15, 226, 252-254 national research program, 10 16, 235-256 program evaluation, 199 research grants, 11-14, 231, 233-234, 237-248 Recycling, 82, 97 Reflexivity, 167, 174, 180-181 182, 194 Refrigeration industry, 54-60, 83, 94, 98, 117, 118, 159 Remote-sensing information, 8, 209, 210, 212, 250-251 Renewable energy, 112 Research data needs, 7-8, 14, 42, 209,
|
From page 305... ...
S Global Change Research Program iNRCl, 221 data collection, 217, 218, 219 economic development and, 8081, 88, 90, 157 global-scale analysis, 179 population growth and, 39 sustainable zones, 222 technology and, 83 Resource economics, 37-38, 39-40 Resource management, 37-38, 40, 81, 171 Resources for the Future, 227, 253-254 Respiration, animal and plant, 46 Rice paddies, 18, 153 Risk analysis, 193 Road building, 20, 36, 68, 69-70 Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, 205 Rosewood, 99n.1, 99-lOOn.3 Rowland, Sherwood, 57 Rubber tappers, 72 S Sahel region, Africa, 127-30, 140, 141, 162-163, 179 Sample surveys, 204 Sampling, 219-220, 249 Scripps Oceanographic Institution, 226, 253 Sea levels, 27, 102, 157, 216 Slash-and-burn cultivation, 140
|
From page 306... ...
See also Conflict management Social costs, 80, 246 Social discount rates, 111, 112, 137, 139 Social driving forces, 75-76,93-95 Social impact assessment jSIAl, 187-188,189-190, 191, 192, 193 Socialization, 177 Social models, 196 Social movements, 6, 143, 145 146, 211 Social paradigm, 90 Social revolutions, 175 Social science, 25, 35~0 applied and basic research .,41, 192,233-234 and behavioral science, 171-172 data availability, 204,209,210, 212,216,249,250 and decision making, 153 and environmental conflict, 114,115 . environmental social science, 9, 37-40,43,95,171,180,227, 232-233 federal agencies and, 10, 232-234 and global change research, 3540,168-170,236 levels of analysis and time scales, 99,176,179,240 modeling, 174-17S,18S,188189,196 national research centers, 252 and nonlinearities, 175 policy evaluation, 164, 190-191 population growth in, 76, 77 professional associations, 231 and reflexivity, 181 research priorities, 40~2, 237238 research techniques, 97, 185186 social impact assessment methodology, 187-188, 189190 theoretical tools, 6, 41 valuation methods, 192-193 Social science theory, 6, 197, 204 Social systems, 102 robustness of, 4, 108, 162-163, 166n.6, 241, 242 Social transformations, 177-178 Social traps, 37 Sociocultural systems, 5, 130-131, 140-143, 158, 162-163 Socioeconomic marginalization, 158 Socioeconomic organization, 179 Sociology, 45, 215, 238 Soils, 25, 26, 31, 68, 80, 140, 141, 169 Soil scientists, 169 Solar energy, 110, 163 South Africa, 62 South Korea, 53 Soviet Union, 159, 178 Aral Sea, 87, 158 carbon dioxide emissions, 60 coal production, 60-61 data sampling, 219,249 energy consumption, 63 environmental movement in, 135 and Montreal Protocol, 118 Spatial scales, 178-180 Species diversity, 29-30,44, 6768, 99n.2 Species extinction, 20, 30, 31, 34, 99n.1, 99-lOOn.3, 107, 109, 112, 240
|
From page 307... ...
INDEX / 307 Stalin, Josef V., 61-62 Statistical analysis, 213, 216 Statistical Yearbooks {UN1, 205 Steel industry, 124 Suburbanization, 144, 176 SUDAM, 71 Sulfur dioxide, 56 Sulfur oxide, 66 Sun Belt, 57, 60 Supersonic transport, 57, 117 Survey data, 216-217 Survey research, 186 Sustainable zones, 222 Systemic analysis, 96 T Taiwan, 53 Technology, 90 conflicts over, 114, 116 and deforestation, 36 and energy use, 120-121, 122, 123-124 and environmental change, 2-3, 13, 75, 77, 83-85, 93, 94-95, 97, 159, 177, 246-247 and environmental policies, 148, 159 fossil fuel replacement, 81, 107, 110, 112 and global warming, 18, 200, 201 unanticipated consequences, 60, 92, 98 Texas, 57 Theory construction, 6, 32, 167, 172-174, 182, 190, 197-198, 212, 217, 234 time scales, 41, 99, 172-173, 176 Third World, 3, 87, 88, 113, 144, 209 Time lags, 31-32, 167, 173, 177 Time scales, 27, 41, 98, 99, 164, 172-173, 176-178, 240-241 Time-series data, 200, 201, 209, 217 Toxic Substances Control Act t1976l, 117 Trade associations, 6, 143, 145, 146-147 Training programs, 9-10, 223, 227-230 Transportation, 59, 64, 88, 107, 126 Tree-structured accounting system, 45-53, 92 Trinidad and Tobago, 62 Tropical forest destruction. See also Deforestation greenhouse gas contribution, 18, 35, 153, 240 land use in, 71, 72-75, 140 restriction of, 107, 113 species extinction, 17, 20, 21, 30, 67-69, 240 U Ultraviolet radiation, 44, 246 data collection, 201, 202 human responses to, 4, 133, 236 ozone depletion and, 28, o4, 57, 107 Unanticipated consequences, 31, 60, 163, 167, 173, 174, 199 United Nations, 79, 204-205 United Nations Environment Programme, 117, 156, 205 United States air pollution, 153 attitudes and beliefs in, 135 automobile dependency, 88, 144, 175-176 carbon dioxide emissions, 50, 60, 64 CFC regulations, 57, 117, 118, 119 coal production and use, 60-61, 63 and data availability, 7-8, 14, 210, 211, 219, 249-250 data sampling, 219, 249 deregulation, 177-178 economic development, 82 energy conservation, 37, 51-52, 63, 120-127, 133
|
From page 308... ...
, 117, 118, 232, 233 U.S. Global Change Research Program {USGCRPJ, 16, 232 233, 237, 250, 254, 255-256 Universities, 9, 225, 226-227, 228, 229, 251, 254 i, University of Chicago, 225 University of Connecticut, 205 University of Michigan, 205 University of North Carolina, 205 Urbanization, 157, 176, 240, 241 Utility companies, 125 V Valuation of consequences, 13, 161, 192-194, 246 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.