Biomedical Politics (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 1-8
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Should federal reimbursement for and access to treatment be provided for victims of end-stage renal disease when other terminally ill patients are denied this entitlement? Should patients terminally ill with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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In recent years, numerous mechanisms have been established at the federal, state, and institutional levels to define, review, and regulate the application of biomedical advances and the content of biomedical research. In addition, various quantitative methods (e.g., use of indicators, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses, surveys of need, evaluation research, policy analysis, social experimentation)
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identify fields of biomedical research that are candidates for accelerated development; (2) identify mechanisms that could facilitate the translation of basic biological discoveries into new health care technologies; and (3)
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Indeed, democracy in America seems to preclude the development of fixed universal laws and immutable principles, and attempts to set policy on such assumptions tend to create irresoluble debate. The tales told in the following pages demonstrate that, as much as some would like to believe it so, there is little in modern life that is eternal and invariable.
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They included the use of animals in biomedical research, deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, vaccine development, and the use of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein test kits. There are, and have been, numerous contentious issues in biomedical research.
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The task set by the committee for the case writers, however, was the same: to identify and expose the underlying values held by all those described in their decisions and to determine if and how the moral response to the problem or issues changed under pressure. (Pressure could be created by time, special interest groups, perceived risk, administrative duties or obligations, economics, or the law.)
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In case five, bioethicist James Childress describes the deliberations of the Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research panel in its efforts to provide advice to the Department of Health and Human Services on the morality of using fetal tissue obtained from induced abortions for therapeutic transplantation. The case offers insight on how experts can disagree, as well as agree to disagree, and yet arrive at a consensus on whether a particular research effort should continue.
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1986. Thinking in Time: The Uses of History for Decision Makers.
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