The Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors A Genetic Study (1991) / Chapter Skim
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Some Further Observations on the Sex Ratio Among Infants Born to Survivors of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Some Further Observations on the Sex Ratio Among Infants Born to Survivors of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Pages 280-290
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From page 280... ...
SOME YEARS AGO, we presented the evidence then existing pertinent to the association in man of the sex ratio with parental exposure to ionizing radiation (Schull and Neel, 1958~. At that time, we tentatively concluded that "the sex of children born to the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki reveals significant changes in the sex ratio of these children, changes in the direction to be expected if exposure had resulted]
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From page 281... ...
represents only those births reported to the municipal authorities in the years 1956 through 1962 where either both parents were included in the so-calDed Master Sample which forms the basis of the Life Span Study of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (Beebe, Ishida, and Jablon, 1962) or, if the exposure status of one parent was unknown, the other was stated to have been within 2,000 meters of ground zero.
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From page 282... ...
Accordingly, when the burden of field interviews exceeded the manpower available, as was inevitable since the relative proportion of births to nonexposed parents those least likely to be included in the Master File increased with each year, the decision was reached retroactive to 1956 to accept for study only those births where either the exposure status of both parents could be ascertained by a file check or where the exposure of only one parent had to be determined by interview. the other parent having been in the so-called "proximally exposed" group, i.e., within 2,000 meters of the hypocenter ATB.
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From page 283... ...
by a factor of two, on the average; there are no substantial changes in the doses in Nagasaki. Clearly, if true, the regression coefficients given in Table 1 are too high; however, there remain many unresolved problems associated with individual exposures in these cities which counsel caution in a too hasty extrapolation from these new curves to the biological situation.
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From page 284... ...
Only one, namely, mothers only exposed, 1948 through 1953, unrelated parents, can be shown to be significantly different from zero. Furthermore, inspection of the array of regression coefficients with respect to the direction and magnitude of the changes with parental exposure fails to suggest an unequivocal pattern; we note six of eight regression coefficients associated with paternal exposure are positive whereas three of eight associates]
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From page 285... ...
Total Male births births p Mother Father 1948-1953, PARENTS UNRELATED 59943053 0.5093 88 658337 0.5122 875 422225 0.5332 8200 703354 - 0.5036 758 615319 0.5187 7575 19294 0.4896 75200 318165 0.5189 9008 14572 0.4966 70075 14071 0.4896 200200 1954-1955, PARENTS UNRELATED 1474 806 0.5468 88 220 129 0.5864 875 174 101 0.5805 8200 212 111 O.S236 758 107 53 0.4953 757o 66 35 0.5303 75200 89 48 0.5393 2008 43 20 0.4651 20075 33 18 0.5455 200200 1948-1953, PARENTS RELATED 394 208 0.527988 69 38 0.55078100 54 29 0.53701008 43 21 0.4884100100 195~1962, ALL PARENTS 3899 1996 0.5119 88 756 374 0.4947 875 572 283 0.4948 8200 608 334 0.5493 To8 314 160 0.5096 7575 144 68 0.4722 75200 374 183 0.4893 2008 124 70 0.5645 20075 119 59 0.49.58 200200 unexposed. These regression coefficients are, therefore, not wholly independent of one another, and one might argue that we are not dealing here with 16 independent regression coefficients but some lesser number.
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From page 286... ...
Obviously the first assumption, namely, that the true proportion of male births in the comparison population is known without error, is not strictly satisfied by these data; however, the sample available on which to base the comparison value is sufficiently large, in excess of 75,000 births, that the error associated with the estimate of the true proportion of male births in this group is small under all circumstances and can be clisregarded when contrasted with the error associated with an estimate based on the sample sizes available for the irradiates] groups.
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From page 287... ...
The curves are based upon sample sizes of 9,762 infants born to exposed mothers and 4,991 to exposed fathers. partures from the null hypothesis of size Cl or greater equals or exceeds some specified probability.
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From page 288... ...
In four of the six studies involving paternal radiation, the sex ratio was increased; in all three instances involving maternal radiation, the sex ratio was decreased. A study missed in those summaries involved a small series of women exposed in the Joachimstal mines, in whose offspring the sex ratio was lower than in controls (Muller, Kubat, and Marsalek, 1962~.
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From page 289... ...
While it has not been rigorously demonstrated that such abnormalities in man increase with exposure to ionizing ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A_~ ~ A~ T ~ ~ ~ {~ ~t , `11~1~ 1~ are ''Uris o~r orgaIll~mS which makes a presumption to this effect reasonable. Be this as it may, any effort to assay the impact of chromosomal abnormalities upon the sex ratio ultimately becomes an attempt to ascertain the relative frequencies of gametes lacking a sex chromosome and those having an accessory one among the gametes produced by an exposed father on the one hand and by an exposed mother on the other.
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From page 290... ...
1962. Der Einfluss des Arbeitsrisiko auf die Generationsfunktionen der helm Fordern und Aulbereiten von radioaktiven Rohstoffen beschafftigten Frauen.
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