Environmental Neurotoxicology (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-8
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The committee, charged to review the biologic principles and mechanisms of neurotoxic action relevant to risk assessment, produced this report, which discusses the magnitude of the problem of neurotic effects, testing strategies, surveillance efforts, biologic markers, and risk assessment. MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM Neurotomcity caused by environmental to~ncants results in a range of neurologic and Environment is defined broadly in this document to encompass a wide range of external factors that can cause injury, including diet, ethanol, tobacco, drugs, and occupational exposures, as well as toxic contaminants in what are ordinarily considered components of the ambient environment—air, water, and soil.
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The committee recommends that more accurate estimates of the extent of the problem of neurolo~c and psychiatric dysfunction attributable to chemical agents in the environment be developed. ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY The estimates must be based on a combination of clinical, epidemiologic, and to~ncologic studies coupled with the techniques of quantitative risk assessment.
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Testing in the second and third tiers of future test systems should expose false positives; the abandonment of an occasional new chemical on the basis of what are actually false-positive screening results is the likely cost of this process. 3 The committee recommends that a ratiosal, cost-effective neuroto~ncity testing strate~ be adopted.
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Epidemiologic studies will increasingly need to use biologic markers of exposure, of effects, and of susceptibility. The committee recommends that exposure-surveillance systems cover a much broader range of chemicals and use improved monitoring techniques for long-term assessment.
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The primary goal of the incorporation of biologic markers into such studies should be to validate their predictive accuracy and to test hypothesized quantitative relationships between specific markers related to causal pathways involving newotomc outcomes. NEUROTOXICI1~Y RISK ASSESSMENT Risk-assessment techniques provide a means for estimating the risks to humans associated with exposwe to toxic chemicals in the environment.
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Virtually all neurotoxicolog~c risk assessment today is limited to qualitative hazard identification and to the early stages of hazard characterization; neither sufficient data nor adequate paradigms are available to permit quantitative evaluation of most neurotomc risks. Risk-assessment techniques that incorporate more quantitative information about dose-time-response relationships and mechanisms of neurotoxicity are under development.
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Environmental Neurotoxicology
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