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From page 292... ... B Overview of the Energy and Mining Workforce Using Federal Data Sources T his appendix addresses Task 1, which requests trends in the size, growth, and demographics of the United States energy and mining workforce, disaggregating each industry of interest -- oil and gas, nuclear, nonfuel mining, coal mining, solar, wind, geothermal, and geological carbon sequestra tion -- by sector and occupation. The future demand for and supply of workers in these industries, sectors, and occupations is also discussed, as requested in Task 3. Read the entire page →
From page 293... ... APPENDIX B 293 A PRIMER ON THE NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM1 The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is the standard industrial classification system used by statistical agencies, such as the BLS. Read the entire page →
From page 294... ... 294 APPENDIX B A CONCEPTUAL ISSUE: HOW BROADLY TO DEFINE ENERGY AND MINING To make effective use of BLS information to paint a picture of the U.S. energy and mining workforce, an important first step is to identify the relevant NAICS codes. Read the entire page →
From page 295... ... APPENDIX B 295 (e.g., chemical engineering services, environmental engineering services, traffic engineering consulting services) Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... 296 APPENDIX B • NAICS 2371: Utility System Construction7 • NAICS 324: Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing • NAICS 331: Primary Metal Manufacturing • NAICS 33313: Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Manufacturing • NAICS 333611: Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing • NAICS 486: Pipeline Transportation In addition to examining the energy and mining workforce as a whole, another objective of this task is to collect workforce information for each of the eight industries outlined in the statement of task: oil and gas, nuclear, nonfuel mining, coal mining, solar, wind, geothermal, and geological carbon sequestra tion. Table B.1 outlines how NAICS codes have been mapped to the eight indus tries outlined in the statement of task.8 In some cases, a higher-level NAICS code is used to identify an industry of interest (e.g., three-digit NAICS) Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... APPENDIX B 297 matches to geological carbon sequestration.9 NAICS codes for the emerging industries -- solar, wind, and geothermal -- overlap substantially with each other and none of the industries maps uniquely to a NAICS code.10 On the other hand, with the exception of nuclear, NAICS categories match up fairly well to the more mature industries -- oil and gas, nonfuel mining, and coal mining -- with only a modest amount of overlap. ENERGY AND MINING WORKFORCE: EMPLOYMENT The BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program provides employment information for the United States (as well as states and major met ropolitan areas) Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... TABLE B.1 Mapping of Energy and Mining NAICS Codes to the Eight Industries Outlined in the Statement of Task. 298 NAICS NAICS Title Geol Oil and Nonfuel Coal Code Nuclear Solar Wind Geoth Carbon Gas Mining Mining Seq Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Sector (NAICS 21) Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... NAICS NAICS Title Geol Oil and Nonfuel Coal Code Nuclear Solar Wind Geoth Carbon Gas Mining Mining Seq Construction Sector (NAICS 23) APPENDIX B 23711 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction x 23712 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction x Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 299 23713 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures x x x x Construction Manufacturing Sector (NAICS 31-33) Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... TABLE B.2 Average Annual U.S. Energy and Mining Employment, by NAICS Code and Sector, 2010. Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... TABLE B.3 Average Annual U.S. Energy and Mining Employment, by NAICS Code, 2005-2010. Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... 302 APPENDIX B recession, some industries have seen increases in employment since 2005. Most notably, employment in the turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing industry, which "comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing turbines (except aircraft) Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... APPENDIX B 303 TABLE B.4 Employment for Energy and Mining Census Industries That Are Comparable to Energy and Mining NAICS Industries, 2010. 2010 employment (annual average) Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... 304 APPENDIX B TABLE B.5 Private-Sector U.S. Energy and Mining 2010 Employment and 2020 Projections, by NAICS Code. Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... APPENDIX B 305 the table provides demographic information for the U.S. workforce, age 16 years and older. Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... TABLE B.6 Demographic Information for the U.S. Energy and Mining Workforce by Census Industry, 2010. Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... 2670-2990: Primary metals and 15.9 6.2 2.2 15.0 1.0 6.0 18.3 24.4 29.0 18.0 3.3 44.7 fabricated metal products 3080: Construction, mining, and 16.2 7.0 4.3 10.2 5.2 29.1 16.4 23.9 22.4 3.7 45.1 oil field machinery APPENDIX B 3180: Engines, turbines, and 17.7 2.5 3.6 10.0 1.9 20.4 25.9 20.4 25.9 3.7 45.9 power transmission equipment 6270: Pipeline Transportation 16.9 3.0 14.9 1.8 3.6 14.3 25.0 33.9 19.6 1.8 45.3 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 307 NOTES: A blank cell indicates data are not available or are not applicable. Age distribution figures may not add up to 100% because of rounding. Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... 308 APPENDIX B fied using the SOC system.20 Moreover, the program provides private-sector occupational employment estimates by industry, using NAICS codes.21 Estimates are not available for all of the energy and mining NAICS codes included in this appendix, although the NAICS codes with available occupational employment information represent more than 95 percent of 2010 private-sector energy and mining employment.22 Table C.6 in Appendix C provides private-sector employ ment estimates for the 300-plus occupations found in these energy and mining NAICS categories.23 Table B.7 provides a condensed list of occupations that constitute 1 percent or more of private-sector energy and mining employment. These occupations col lectively represent 50 percent of total energy and mining employment. Read the entire page →
From page 309... ... APPENDIX B 309 Table B.7 Employment Estimates for Private-Sector Energy and Mining Occupations with 1 Percent or More of Energy and Mining Employment, 2010. Percent Standard of Energy Percent of Occupation 2010 and Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 47-2061 Construction Laborers 87,300 4.39 11.8 49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers 81,790 4.11 90.2 and Repairers 47-2073 Operating Engineers and 72,150 3.63 27.5 Other Construction Equipment Operators 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of 56,110 2.82 13.1 Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas 46,650 2.35 95.4 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck 41,940 2.11 2.9 Drivers 11-1021 General and Operations 39,810 2.00 2.5 Managers 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of 39,340 1.98 7.4 Production and Operating Workers 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 39,090 1.97 15.0 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair 38,320 1.93 3.9 Workers, General 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System 36,690 1.85 87.3 Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 47-5013 Service Unit Operators, Oil, 34,650 1.74 94.6 Gas, and Mining 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of 32,630 1.64 9.2 Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 43-4051 Customer Service 32,280 1.62 1.6 Representatives 43-9061 Office Clerks, General 31,250 1.57 1.4 51-8013 Power Plant Operators 30,350 1.53 92.5 47-2111 Electricians 28,050 1.41 5.8 53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and 26,960 1.36 1.4 Material Movers, Hand 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and 24,800 1.25 8.0 Brazers Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 309 7/13/2015 4:05:44 PM Read the entire page →
From page 310... ... 310 APPENDIX B Percent Standard of Energy Percent of Occupation 2010 and Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 24,190 1.22 7.2 43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 23,240 1.17 1.6 49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 22,960 1.16 65.6 43-6014 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 22,360 1.12 1.6 47-5081 Helpers -- Extraction Workers 21,930 1.10 93.9 51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 21,060 1.06 5.2 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 20,810 1.05 2.2 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 20,610 1.04 74.4 NOTE: The table includes occupations in the following energy and mining NAICS codes: 211, 212, 213, 2211, 2212, 2371, 324, 331, 486 (and excludes 22133, 33313, and 333611 because data by occu pation are not available for these NAICS codes) Read the entire page →
From page 311... ... APPENDIX B 311 TABLE B.8 Key Energy and Mining Occupations. Standard Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 17-2111 Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors 17-2131 Materials Engineers 17-2151 Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 19-4041 Geological and Petroleum Technicians 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians 29-9011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 47-2011 Boilermakers 49-2095 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay 49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 49-9044 Millwrights 49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 51-8011 Nuclear Power Reactor Operators 51-8012 Power Distributors and Dispatchers 51-8013 Power Plant Operators 51-8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators 53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators this appendix, key energy and mining occupations are defined as those meeting all of the following criteria: (1) Read the entire page →
From page 312... ... 312 APPENDIX B Demand for Talent in Key Energy and Mining Occupations As part of the Employment Projections Program, the BLS generates projec tions of employment growth, replacement rates, and job openings by occupation over the period 2010 to 2020. These projections reflect private-sector as well as government employment and include wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers. Read the entire page →
From page 313... ... APPENDIX B 313 workers (259,700 job openings) , followed by industrial machinery mechanics (117,100 job openings) Read the entire page →
From page 314... ... 314 APPENDIX B TABLE B.9 Projected Employment Growth, Replacement Rates, and Job Openings for Key Energy and Mining Occupations. Projections (2010-2020) Read the entire page →
From page 315... ... APPENDIX B 315 51-8012 Power Distributors and Dispatchers -3.0 35.5 3.6 51-8013 Power Plant Operators -2.5 35.5 14.4 51-8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 6.2 22.0 10.6 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators -6.5 32.6 4.5 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers -14.0 32.6 14.4 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators 15.7 27.2 17.2 53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators 17.3 29.6 28.9 NOTE: Projected job openings are due to growth and replacement needs. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections Program. Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... 316 APPENDIX B Degrees/ Standard Certificates Occupation Conferred Code Standard Occupation Title Degree Level (2009) 17-2131 Materials Engineers Doctorate degrees 542 Master's degrees 719 Bachelor's degrees 1,096 Associate's degrees 1 Post-master's certificates 1 Postbaccalaureate certificates 1 1- but less than 2-year certificates 1 Less than 1-year certificates 1 17-2151 Mining and Geological Doctorate degrees 14 Engineers, Including Mining Master's degrees 131 Safety Engineers Bachelor's degrees 309 Postbaccalaureate certificates 5 1- but less than 2-year certificates 2 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers Doctorate degrees 81 Master's degrees 252 Bachelor's degrees 373 Post-master's certificates 3 Post-baccalaureate certificates 5 Less than 1-year certificates 25 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers Doctorate degrees 52 Master's degrees 251 Bachelor's degrees 690 Associate's degrees 1 Post-master's certificates 2 Postbaccalaureate certificates 12 1- but less than 2-year certificates 3 Less than 1-year certificates 1 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Doctorate degrees 8 Except Drafters, All Other Master's degrees 101 Bachelor's degrees 819 Associate's degrees 2,992 2- but less than 4-year certificates 16 1- but less than 2-year certificates 1,049 Less than 1-year certificates 1,135 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 316 7/13/2015 4:05:45 PM Read the entire page →
From page 317... ... APPENDIX B 317 Degrees/ Standard Certificates Occupation Conferred Code Standard Occupation Title Degree Level (2009) 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Doctorate degrees 611 Hydrologists and Master's degrees 1,315 Geographers Bachelor's degrees 3,801 Associate's degrees 92 Post-master's certificates 19 Post-baccalaureate certificates 20 Less than 1 year certificates 11 19-4041 Geological and Petroleum Master's degrees 1 Technicians Bachelor's degrees 11 Associate's degrees 101 1- but less than 2 year certificates 29 Less than 1 year certificates 19 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians Master's degrees 23 Bachelor's degrees 121 Associate's degrees 109 1- but less than 2-year certificates 21 Less than 1-year certificates 18 29-9011 Occupational Health and Doctorate degrees 67 Safety Specialists Master's degrees 551 Bachelor's degrees 812 Associate's degrees 372 Post-master's certificates 8 Postbaccalaureate certificates 23 2- but less than 4-year certificates 3 1- but less than 2-year certificates 91 Less than 1-year certificates 68 NOTE: Occupations in italic typically require an associate's degree or higher upon entry; the remain ing occupations typically require a bachelor's degree or higher upon entry. Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... 318 APPENDIX B require some amount of postsecondary education. Five of these six instructional programs -- electrical, electronics, and communications engineering, other; weld ing engineering technology/technician; chemical engineering technology/techni cian; packaging science; and marine sciences -- are new to the CIP taxonomy and information is not yet available. Read the entire page →
From page 319... ... APPENDIX B 319 rate of degrees/certificates conferred at or above the typical entry education level over the period 2005-2009; and the projected number of degrees/certificates con ferred at or above the typical entry education level in 2020 based on the latter growth rates. The occupation with the largest number of degrees and certificates conferred relative to the projected number of job openings is electrical engineers. Read the entire page →
From page 320... ... TABLE B.11 Comparison of the Number of Degrees/Certificates Conferred in Instructional Programs Related to Key Energy 320 and Mining Occupations That Require Postsecondary Education to Projected Job Openings. Annual Growth Projected (A) Read the entire page →
From page 321... ... APPENDIX B 321 EXAMINING WORKFORCES OF THE MATURE ENERGY AND MINING INDUSTRIES As mentioned earlier, information from the BLS is more useful for under standing the workforces of mature energy and mining industries than the work forces of emerging ones. However, as can be seen in Table B.1, there are NAICS codes that overlap across industries even for the mature energy and mining indus tries. Read the entire page →
From page 322... ... TABLE B.12 Average Annual U.S. Oil and Gas Employment, by NAICS Code and Sector, 2010. Read the entire page →
From page 323... ... TABLE B.13 Average Annual U.S. Oil and Gas Employment, by NAICS Code, 2005-2010. Read the entire page →
From page 324... ... 324 APPENDIX B increase by a modest 0.4 percent between 2010 and 2020, which translates into an increase of 1,200 jobs. Table C.13 in Appendix C shows key demographic information for the oil and gas industries for which information is available.32 Relatively few women are employed in oil and gas in comparison with the overall U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 325... ... APPENDIX B 325 TABLE B.15 Average Annual U.S. Nuclear Energy Employment, by NAICS Code and Sector, 2010. Read the entire page →
From page 326... ... 326 APPENDIX B annual growth rates of more than 4 percent over the 2005-2010 period. Tables C.21 and C.22 in Appendix C show average annual nonfuel mining employment for 2005-2010 for the private sector and local government, respectively. Read the entire page →
From page 327... ... APPENDIX B 327 Private-sector employment projections (see Table B.19) are available for a subset of the nonfuel mining NAICS codes: metal ore mining, nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying, and primary metal manufacturing. Read the entire page →
From page 328... ... 328 APPENDIX B percent) ; gas plant operators (8.46 percent) Read the entire page →
From page 329... ... APPENDIX B 329 TABLE B.20 Average Annual U.S. Coal Mining Employment, by NAICS Code and Sector, 2010. Read the entire page →
From page 330... ... 330 APPENDIX B employment in this industry. The three largest occupations are operating engi neers and other construction equipment operators (10.89 percent of total employ ment) Read the entire page →
From page 331... ... APPENDIX B 331 NAICS code is assigned on the basis of the primary activity at that establishment. As an example, if an establishment engages in the processing of natural gas as its primary activity, but also engages in carbon capture and storage as a second ary activity, the NAICS code for this establishment will reflect only the natural gas processing. Read the entire page →
From page 332... ... 332 APPENDIX B • Federal Energy Regulatory Commission • Mine Safety and Health Administration; • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; • Nuclear Regulatory Commission; • Occupational Safety and Health Administration; • Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement; • Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; and • U.S. Geological Survey. Read the entire page →
From page 333... ... APPENDIX B 333 TABLE B.23 Employment for Key Federal Agencies Responsible for Management and Oversight of Energy and Mining, Fiscal Years 2007-2011. Agency 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Bureau of Indian Affairs 9,432 9,136 9,256 9,420 9,138 Bureau of Land Management 11,344 11,413 11,779 11,846 11,471 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, 1,619 1,643 1,695 1,769 1,182 Regulation and Enforcement Department of Energy 14,945 15,448 15,826 16,625 14,893 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 1,488 Mine Safety and Health Administration 2,260 2,321 2,394 2,351 2,330 National Institute for Occupational Safety 1,200 and Healtha Nuclear Regulatory Commission 3,750 4,080 4,151 4,211 4,111 Occupational Safety and Health 2,076 2,087 2,126 2,291 2,272 Administration Office of Surface Mining Reclamation 531 523 524 528 519 and Enforcement Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 363 363 375 430 444 Administration U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 334... ... TABLE B.24 Demographic Characteristics of Employees at Key Federal Agencies Responsible for the Management and 334 Oversight of Energy and Mining, 2011. < 20 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 Years Female Minority Years Years Years Years Years Years and Over Agency (%) Read the entire page →
From page 335... ... APPENDIX B 335 two categories: (1) white collar occupations and (2) Read the entire page →
From page 336... ... 336 APPENDIX B force: a majority of the energy and mining industries have more workers age 45 and older than workers under the age of 45. Taken together, these findings suggest that the energy and mining industries with workforces that are less diverse and older -- such as mining -- may experience greater difficulties replacing lost talent. Read the entire page →
From page 337... ... APPENDIX B 337 operational. The recommended actions are expected to continue for the long term. Read the entire page →

From page 292...

... B Overview of the Energy and Mining Workforce Using Federal Data Sources T his appendix addresses Task 1, which requests trends in the size, growth, and demographics of the United States energy and mining workforce, disaggregating each industry of interest -- oil and gas, nuclear, nonfuel mining, coal mining, solar, wind, geothermal, and geological carbon sequestra tion -- by sector and occupation. The future demand for and supply of workers in these industries, sectors, and occupations is also discussed, as requested in Task 3.