Assessment of Advanced Solid-State Lighting (2013) / Chapter Skim
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4 Assessment of Solid-State Lighting Products
4 Assessment of Solid-State Lighting Products
Pages 57-71
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From page 57... ...
LED Replacement Lamps TYPES OF SSL PRODUCTS After the phase-out of certain types of incandescent lamps between 2012 and 2014, consumer choices for replacing Typically, an SSL product consists of several subcompo these types of screw-in lamps will include higher efficacy nents, including: halogen incandescent lamps, CFLs, and LED lamps. Many SSL product manufacturers are producing screw- and pin • An LED, an LED array, an integral lamp, or an based lamp products to replace incandescent, halogen, com organic LED (OLED)
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From page 58... ...
1 Primarily the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (http:// FIGURE 4.3 Sample LED replacement lamps for incandescent www.nema.org) and the Zhaga Consortium (www.zhagastandard.org)
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From page 59... ...
spaces occupied by existing luminaires but require complete A few LED replacements for 4-foot linear fluorescent tubes removal of the existing luminaire for installation. Common have performance similar to traditional fluorescent lamps, but types of retrofit luminaires are those for recessed housings, for many of them the total light output is substantially lower, 2′ × 2′ or 2′ × 4′ recessed troffers, high-bay luminaires, track and the spatial distribution of light is far more concentrated than that of the conventional fluorescent lamps.
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From page 60... ...
0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Light output (lm) FIGURE 4.6 Performance data for LED replacement lamps.
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From page 61... ...
LEDs combined with red LEDs to create a In an LED lighting product, secondary optics are needed warmer white and feedback control to maintain light output to tailor the output beam of a lighting product. LED products and color; and an LED array with a mixture of multicolored commonly designed for illumination applications have LEDs (red, green, blue, etc.)
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From page 62... ...
Currently, a few manufacturers Thermal Management have started to mount the LED directly onto the heat sink to further reduce the thermal resistance from the junction to the Thermal management is very important to enable reli environment and also to reduce the overall cost. able, long-life LED products, and the thermal management Common thermal interface materials are solder, epoxy, components in an LED product constitute a large fraction thermal grease, and pressure sensitive adhesive.
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From page 63... ...
as a separate device located external to the luminaire. RECOMMENDATION 4-1: The Department of Energy Integral Drivers in LED Replacement Lamps should place a high priority on research directed at increasing the efficacy of LEDs.
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From page 64... ...
The pressure on the driver designer to produce designs that have drivers in these luminaires are typically separate from the equally long life ratings. Just as with integral drivers in LED module, and the luminaire may be designed so as not to incandescent replacement lamps, the weakest link in a nonpresent a thermal problem for the drivers.
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From page 65... ...
However, more care has to be taken in the design as long as incandescent lamps themselves in the form of of controls for SSL devices. Because of the low wattage of switches and rheostat dimmers that were used primarily in the lamps, even small currents can cause visible light output, theatrical applications.
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From page 66... ...
rent in even the lowest wattage incandescent lamps, such The lighting controls industry is developing new dimmer as a 25 W lamp. However, with CFLs, and even more so designs specifically for LED lamps that are used as replacewith SSL devices that require very low power, the current ments for incandescent lamps.
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From page 67... ...
that and deployment of new technologies as discussed in the have been expressed by power utilities. For more detail, see C hapter 5 section, "Testing and Measurement Standards." the discussion below, "Electric Power Quality." During the past several years, several standards have been created, most notably IES LM-79, "Approved Method: Elec FINDING: LED replacements for incandescent lamps trical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting may not work with all existing control infrastructure, espe- Products" (IES, 2008a)
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From page 68... ...
Test procedures specific to the application environ- binning standard to ensure imperceptible color differences ment are an ideal solution but much more costly than a single between two adjacent light sources. procedure for all applications.
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From page 69... ...
As LED lamps become more ubiquitous as replace- poor performance because of power quality problems has ments for discontinued incandescent lamps, the effects of the remained low, while the number of installed electronic balliberal PF and THD limits may not be so benign. The ANSI lasts has increased.
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. $0.11/kWh, LED lamps save between 35 and 58 percent meet the needs of desired tasks or ambiance for the occupant.
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From page 71... ...
2012. Zhaga: Making LED light sources interchangeable.
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