Assessment of Advanced Solid-State Lighting (2013) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 6-17
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From page 6... ...
. If organic materials are used The standard incandescent light bulb, in wide use in the to fabricate the LED, it is called an organic LED (OLED)
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. But after accounting for the low efficiency of the incandescent light bulb, the efficiency of converting chemical energy to light energy is only 1.3 percent.
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that could replace current incandescent and halogen incandescent T lamp technology and meet the minimum standards required in Section 321 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; • he barriers to widespread adoption of SSL technologies and strategies needed to overcome these barriers; T • he benefits for consumers if SSL development and deployment is successful and the impact if these barriers are not fully overcome, particularly T as it relates to the new minimum efficiency standard taking effect; • otential unintended consequences of SSL deployment, such as presented by traffic lights using SSL lamps that did not generate enough heat P to melt ice that built up on them.
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From page 9... ...
Lumens provide a descrip nous intensity results from luminous flux being redirected tion most closely related to brightness and should be referred by a reflector or magnified by a lens.4 This measurement to when choosing replacement lamps. A proliferation of is used primarily to describe the specific light intensity and fact sheets and labels has accompanied the recent introduction of new lighting technologies, leaving some consumers 4 The concept of solid angle has a strict geometric definition but can be confused about the relationship between watts and lumens.
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From page 10... ...
Illuminance that is, one that converts all the electricity into visible light -- depends on the luminous flux of the light sources and their would have an efficacy of 408 lm/W for an assumed color distances from the illuminated surface. rendering index (CRI; a measure of color quality, discussed Luminance is a measure used for self-luminous or reflec- below)
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From page 11... ...
and devices (upper bounds) when assuming that the theoretical maximum lamp efficacy is 408 lm/W; LED = light-emitting diodes; HID = high-intensity-discharge lamps; CFL = compact fluorescent lamps.
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In technical terms, is widely used among lighting manufacturers and designers, LER is the ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux.6 In simple it only describes one dimension of light source chromaticity, terms, the LER is luminous efficacy that could be achieved in the blue-yellow direction. It does not consider pink-green if the light source was able to convert electricity to light pershifts in white light color, although Duv is a measure increas- fectly with no losses.
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. The dashed green curves show the Spectral Luminous Efficiency Function and the black curves are light source's spectral power distributions.
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From page 14... ...
The outputs of these photoreceptors do ing electricity consumption, and that the residential sector not signal the wavelength composition of the stimulus to the is still dominated by incandescent lamps (accounting for brain. For instance, a certain level of activity from one cone 78 percent of residential lighting electricity consumption)
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From page 15... ...
which then fluoresce, with ultraviolet energy. A small amount Incandescent lamps produce light by heating a tungsten fila- of mercury is added to the lamp to emit ultraviolet light at a ment to a temperature of approximately 2,500 K to 3,000 K suitable wavelength for exciting the phosphor.
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. FIGURE 1.15 Compact fluorescent lamp (screw base with integral ballast)
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From page 17... ...
2005. Spectral design considerations for white LED color render from Ga(As1-Xpx)
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