Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 165-174
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Appendix A Modeling Approaches to the Effects of Tax Policy on GHG Emissions INTRODUCTION This technical appendix is intended to assist those interested in examining the modeling approaches selected by the committee from among the alternatives in greater depth and detail and in understanding better their differences, strengths, and limitations. It compares the structures of available models and provides sources of documentation of the National Energy Modeling System for the National Academy of Sciences, Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at the University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU)
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166 Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions levelized cost of the technology, or as a supply shift.
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Appendix A 167 2010)
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168 Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions sion.
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Appendix A 169 using coal, gas, or oil. Fuels, capital, labor, and intermediate goods are inputs into the electricity sector, and some amount of electricity is produced.
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170 Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions ENERGY-FOCUSED MODELS There were three principal energy-related models considered by the committee.
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Appendix A 171 tion in the cost of technology, consumer's willingness to make trade-offs, and broad technological differences are captured to the extent these differences were captured in the historical data. The astructural nature of the model means that it may not capture dynamics of capital turnover well, and it is somewhat captive of the history in terms of the available technology and the structure of policy.
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172 Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions AGRICULTURE-SECTOR MODELS The committee's interest in agriculture-sector models stemmed largely from tax provisions related to biofuels.
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Appendix A 173 The model's focus is on the United States, but the rest of world is either collapsed into a single rest-of-world supply-and-demand response as in the case of animal products, composed of a similar rest-of-world aggregate response but with key countries identified, as in the case of ethanol, or represented with aggregate rest-of-world supply-and-demand aggregates, as in the case of main crops. This longstanding agricultural model has been recently augmented to include detailed modules on oil markets (Thompson et al., 2011)
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174 Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.
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