Improving Self-Escape from Underground Coal Mines (2013) / Chapter Skim
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, which was designed to strengthen existing mine safety regulations and set forth new measures aimed at improving accident preparedness and emergency response in underground coal mines. Since that time, the efforts of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
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We were to consider environmental and human-systems factors as well as technologies to understand the system in which the miners work and then to propose ways to improve self-escape preparations and training for mining personnel and identify knowledge gaps where further research is needed. Mine emergencies, as the term is used in this report, are unplanned events that have the potential to cause serious injuries or loss of life; they disrupt mining operations and require that underground miners get to a safe place outside the mine.
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ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE Coal mines vary in size and coal production, but each mine operator has the responsibility to mitigate hazards in the coal mine environment and keep miners safe. This vast variability across the industry leads to difficulty in describing a single, best approach to manage mine safety.
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Overall, systematic efforts are needed to collect and analyze regularly information from escape situations and make outcomes and lessons learned available to stakeholders for future improvements. The currently required quarterly escapeway drills provide an avenue for collecting such information with minimum additional impact on mines and miners.
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Given the challenges that face the miner under emergency situations, it is imperative that the human-technology interface be as efficient and effortless as possible and that attention be given to technology survivability during an emergency. Operational requirements for emergency supplies of breathable air need to be revised to ensure a supply of breathable air for self-escape that will function in atmospheres of various compositions, that is they need to ensure performance against all harmful gases and an adequate supply of breathable air in oxygen deficient atmospheres.
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DECISION SCIENCE A miner's regular job is to produce coal or to perform support work to maintain the mine, making it a safe work environment. Miners appropriately absorbed in their daily work assignment routine may be susceptible
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To effectively remove themselves to a place of safety, miners need to have working knowledge of their surroundings and self-escape equipment and technologies; they also need to have the psychological tools to make effective decisions and communicate effectively. RECOMMENDATION 5: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health should use current decision science research to in form development of self-escape training, protocols, and materials for training for effective decision making during a mine emergency.
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is to be recognized for recently initiating research on safety culture specific to underground coal mining. RECOMMENDATION 6: A. he National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health T (NIOSH)
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above, and using On best practices within the training field, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and NIOSH should revise or develop training flows that bring miners, responsible persons, communica tion centers, and mine management to mastery in those KSAOs, including interactions between those three groups.
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