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1 Introduction
Pages 11-20

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From page 11...
... . Previously established evidence strongly supports that consumption of excessive sodium is a risk factor for high blood pressure, which in turn is a strong risk factor for consequent health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD)
From page 12...
... Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) : The highest average daily nutrient level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
From page 13...
... , the rationale for the DGAC (HHS and USDA, 2010b) conclusion is grounded in evidence for a relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure as a surrogate marker of disease, and supported by additional evidence that decreasing blood pressure is associated with decreased risk of adverse health outcomes, particularly stroke and ischemic heart disease.
From page 14...
... . As a result of the persistent evidence that excessive sodium intake increases blood pressure, a risk factor for CVD, stroke, and mortality, federal nutrition policy now includes an emphasis on decreasing sodium intake in the general population as a preventive measure against risk of these adverse health outcomes.
From page 15...
... population. THE COMMITTEE'S TASK Despite the evidence that decreasing sodium intake reduces risk of high blood pressure, which in turn is strongly linked to CVD and other adverse health outcomes, new evidence has emerged that raises questions about potential adverse effects, specifically effects on insulin resistance and risk of CVD, associated with reducing sodium intake levels below 2,300 mg per day.
From page 16...
... and, thus, are at greater risk of developing adverse outcomes such as CVD and stroke. Given the disproportionate level of risk of adverse health outcomes among these population subgroups, the committee identified for further evaluation evidence that evaluated sodium
From page 17...
... . Even though some population subgroups stand out because they are disproportionately affected by hypertension and its adverse health outcomes, they represent a large proportion of the general population.
From page 18...
... Chapter 3 includes a summary of studies that examine the association between sodium intake and intermediate health outcomes, including blood pressure as a surrogate indicator of disease. The review includes an overview of studies that are representative of the current body of evidence.
From page 19...
... 2006. Dietary reference intakes: The essential guide to nutrient requirements.


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