Currently Skimming:
2 The Challenges and Opportunities for the BRICS Countries to Lead
2 The Challenges and Opportunities for the BRICS Countries to Lead
Pages 11-22
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From page 11... ...
• Poverty alleviation programs and free access to health care have helped Brazil keep MDR TB levels relatively low and focus on delivery system innovations such as community-based TB and MDR TB care. • South Africa has made considerable progress in surveillance, infection control, better diagnosis methods, and the rollout of community-based MDR TB treatment, but challenges remain for effectively coordinating the currently siloed HIV and TB programs.
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From page 12... ...
After presenting an overview of the role of the BRICS countries overall in combating DR TB, this chapter summarizes remarks made by individual speakers concerning specific BRICS countries. OVERALL ROLE OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES Rifat Atun, Professor of International Health Management, and Head, Health Management Group, Imperial College London, noted that although the BRICS countries have been engines of economic growth, they also have been engines for the spread of MDR TB.
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From page 13... ...
important role in combating TB and MDR TB. The first, he said, is filling the current gap in global leadership.
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From page 14... ...
They are achieving rapid economic growth, they are agents of innovation, they have almost half the world's population, in many sectors they are playing an important leadership role on the international stage, they have shown leadership in responding to HIV, they have been able to scale up TB control rapidly and successfully, and they have undertaken initiatives to achieve universal health care systems. "The BRICS countries can rise to the challenge of MDR TB treatment and control," Atun said.
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From page 15... ...
KwaZulu-Natal province has an estimated 3,000 MDR TB cases each year, which is equal to 30 MDR TB cases per 100,000 population. Among MDR TB cases, about 2 This section is based on the presentation by Kristina Wallengren, Clinical Advisor, K waZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH)
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From page 16... ...
The observed level of MDR TB among the districts of KwaZulu-Natal province is proportional to the number of culture requests, which suggests that the actual rate of MDR TB in the province exceeds 100 per 100,000 (Wallengren et al., 2011)
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From page 17... ...
The country has piloted and is starting to roll out community based MDR TB treatment, and the initial results are promising. In addition, increased use of antiretroviral therapy has improved the prospects for patients with MDR TB.
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From page 18... ...
The national TB control program has a small number of staff who must interact with a tremendously complex system. Nevertheless, said Salmaan Keshavjee, Harvard Medical School, "they have done a remarkable job." About 1.5 million cases of TB are notified each year in India, including about 65,000 cases of MDR TB.
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From page 19... ...
Volchenkov, Chief Doctor, Vladimir Oblast TB Dispensary, Center of Excellence for TB Infection Control. Russia's efforts to address the transmission of DR TB have focused on health care settings, penitentiary settings, and other congregate settings.
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From page 20... ...
The health care system in China also has created a prevention network extending from the local to the national level to identify MDR TB patients and refer them to facilities where they can receive the proper treatment. This network is linked to a national TB surveillance system that provides patients with care as early as possible and also produces data for use in understanding the burden of MDR TB.
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From page 21... ...
Improved surveillance is creating a better understanding of the problem and of potential solutions, new diagnostic capabilities are being implemented across the country, and MDR TB treatment is becoming more accessible and affordable. The Chinese government has been investing in diagnostic technologies, such as a biochip designed to enable identification and treatment of patients as rapidly as possible.
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