Nationwide Response Issues After an Improvised Nuclear Device Attack Medical and Public Health Considerations for Neighboring Jurisdictions: Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix H: Implications of an Improvised Nuclear Device Detonation on Command and Control for Surrounding Regions at the Local, State, and Federal Levels
Appendix H: Implications of an Improvised Nuclear Device Detonation on Command and Control for Surrounding Regions at the Local, State, and Federal Levels
Pages 191-212
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From page 191... ...
Hansen CTOS-Center for Radiological/Nuclear Training at the Nevada National Security Site National Security Technologies, LLC ABSTRACT This paper discusses command and control issues relating to the operation of incident command posts (ICPs) and emergency operations centers (EOCs)
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From page 192... ...
The CTOS job task analysis effort and two workshops on Incident Commander IND Response involving local, state, and federal representatives from Fire Service, Law Enforcement, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Management, Public Health/State Radiation Protection Offices, National Laboratories, and federal agencies identified a number of command and control challenges and potential solutions (NSTec/CTOS, 2013a,b,c)
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From page 193... ...
The consequences of an IND detonation in a major city will have major implications on command and control systems in the directly impacted city as well as neighboring jurisdictions. The enormity of the incident will require the rapid establishment, in jurisdictions throughout the region, of ICPs with incident management teams expanded to handle the complexity of this catastrophic incident.
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From page 194... ...
Some possible solutions to increase jurisdictions' abilities to rapidly establish functional ICPs and EOCs under these conditions include x Providing multiple levels of redundancy which will expand the continuity of operations plan (COOP) x Making use of uniformed and non-uniformed staff within public safety agencies to temporarily fill staff positions at the ICP and EOC until more senior staff is available x Addressing the need to rapidly establish command in the least ef fected and most operational district/area (NSTec/CTOS, 2013b)
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From page 195... ...
The Unified Command team could include local, state, or federal representation from the following: x law enforcement x fire service x emergency medical services x emergency management x public health x community-based health care x public works x mass transit/transportation x nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) , private- and public-sector partners Area Command Area Command is used when there are a number of incidents, generally in the same area and often of the same kind (USFA, 2006)
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From page 196... ...
The scope of partners that could be involved in both the preplanning process and the response, include x Federal, state, and local agencies, such as public safety (law en forcement, fire department, and emergency medical services) , emergency management, public health, community-based health care, and environmental agencies x Local emergency management agencies should engage and iden tify all assets such as private-sector businesses, supplies, food, shipping, warehousing, and medical x NGOs, faith-based organizations, and volunteer organizations should prepare for spontaneous volunteers Incident Action Plan (IAP)
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From page 197... ...
However, if the commander has the ability to coordinate efforts with other jurisdictions, the best course of action may be to keep resources in place and prepare to receive thousands of evacuees and medical patients from the affected city, or establish and manage staging areas. As incident commanders and planning chiefs begin to evaluate their potential actions, it will become necessary to have a primary point of contact, such as an operational EOC, to coordinate resources from the surrounding communities.
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From page 198... ...
The IND incident will require a much broader set of situational awareness reports in order to allow field units and command to develop effective operational plans and maintain a level of safety for personnel. Sources of situational awareness must be expanded to include
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From page 199... ...
. The MAC system can be activated early in the incident, allowing for quicker resource support to local incident commands.
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During the planning phase for a response to an IND detonation, regional planners should consider the potential of the targeted jurisdiction needing this type of assistance. The support may be in the form of incident command, emergency management, and/or communications.
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Although most current models for public health and emergency medical services conclude public safety's involvement when the patient is transferred to hospital care, an IND response will require a whole-community approach throughout the incident to effectively treat the impacted population. Senior staff representatives from public health and local health care should be included in the unified incident command structure, planning section, and the emergency operations center.
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From page 202... ...
Even though resources are expected to be overwhelmed, extensive regional planning and preparation become the foundation for success by averting otherwise uncoordinated response activities that might result in thousands of preventable injuries and deaths. Planning that clearly defines roles, responsibilities, and expectations for individuals, job positions and agencies will provide the additional benefit of improved response to other more common catastrophic incidents experienced by jurisdictions throughout the nation.
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From page 203... ...
Planning concerns that should be addressed are x Providing multiple levels of redundancy and expanding the COOP x Making use of uniformed and non-uniformed staff within public safety agencies to establish command and control for an incident x Addressing the need to rapidly establish command in the least af fected and most operational district/area x Planning for immediate or rapid expansion to Unified Command x Identifying critical assets throughout the area required for the management and command of a catastrophic incident, including suitable ICP and EOC (may be temporary until personnel are able to access better equipped and sized facilities capable of sup porting the incident) x Exercising advanced ICS/NIMS principles x Merging local command with larger command groups such as the Type 1 incident management teams (IMTs)
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From page 204... ...
Command and control functions can be streamlined if operational action levels and waivers are developed and adopted prior to the incident. The action levels and waivers would be determined by occupational and enforcement agencies using a scaled approach based on resource capability.
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From page 205... ...
both recommend zone boundaries of 10 mR/h for the hot zone and 10 R/h for the dangerous fall out zone (DFZ) o Additional guidance regarding operations in areas higher than 10 R/h should be provided (NSTec/CTOS, 2013a,c)
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From page 206... ...
Finally, through the preplanning process, planners should identify and adopt agreements and/or contracts with agencies providing resources that will be required for the IND response, such as x Medical care facilities and agencies x Preplanned radiation, triage, treatment, and transport (RTR) sites x Warehousing areas to handle incoming supplies x Public and private critical transportation assets x Pre-established evacuation centers x Pre-established distribution points, Types 1, 2, 3 x Emergency response staging and base camp areas for 300 to 2,000 personnel x Airports: type, capacity, available space; that is, empty hangars and ramp space x Food, medicine, equipment, all-purpose department/grocery stores, road construction companies, private utilities/water, pri vate air assets, private transportation assets, and private security firms x Each contract or agreement will be documented in the Appendix using the format identified by the IND working group x Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs)
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From page 207... ...
KEY: DMAT = Disaster Medical Assistance Team; EMS = Emergency Management Services; NDMS = National Disaster Medical System; RTR = Radiation Triage, Transport, and Treatment Site. Where Can Public Health Officials Get Federal Guidance on Radiation, Contamination, and Other Health and Safety Issues for IND Response Planning and Operations?
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From page 208... ...
Also, a pair of documents is under development to aid in IND response planning, training, and operations: the Health and safety planning guide for first responders following a nuclear detonation and the Health and safety handbook for first responders following a nuclear detonation. This guide is directed at incident commanders, safety and radiation safety officers, police and fire chiefs, etc., at all levels who are likely to be responsible for leading emergency response operations following the detonation of an improvised nuclear device.
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From page 209... ...
. The Advisory Team develops coordinated federal advice and recommendations on environmental, food, health, and animal health matters for the Incident Command/Unified Command (IC/UC)
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From page 210... ...
National Capital Re gion Key Response Planning Factors for the Aftermath of Nuclear Terrorism. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
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From page 211... ...
This work was supported by Memorandum of Agreement Number DE-GM5811NA25492, between the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Preparedness Directorate, Training & Exercise Integration Secretariat and the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office.
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