Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Despite the gravity of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States, moreover, few professionals and systems responsible for protecting and serving children and adolescents are adequately prepared to prevent, identify, and respond to these problems. Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors refer to 1
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Finally, a lack of awareness among individuals who routinely interact with victims and survivors ensures that these crimes are not identified and properly addressed. As a result, there is no reliable estimate of the incidence or prevalence of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States, and many victims go without help.
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Study Charge In fall 2011, with support from the Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council formed the Committee on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States to conduct a study of these problems as they affect U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18.
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xperiences with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking E among populations served by child welfare and juvenile justice systems; 4. Evidence associated with selected efforts in human services, health care, education, and law enforcement settings to prevent commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors and to intervene with victims and offenders; 5.
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• Efforts to address commercial sexual exploitation and sex traffick ing of minors in the United States need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. These conclusions reflect the need for coordinated action to develop effective, multisector efforts to prevent and respond to the commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children and adolescents in the United States.
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In addition, minors' lack of awareness of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking increases their vulnerability to these crimes. A number of efforts now under way are aimed at training service providers and raising public awareness with respect to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.
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Public Awareness Campaigns A lack of public awareness about all aspects of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States is a significant barrier to preventing, identifying, and responding to these crimes. Public awareness campaigns addressing these problems need to be devel
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Strengthen the Law's Response Minors who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking in the United States often are arrested and treated as perpetrators under state criminal and juvenile delinquency laws that make a wide variety of sexual offenses illegal. Although victims themselves, these children and adolescents may be subject to arrest, detention, adjudication or conviction, commitment or incarceration, and having permanent records as offenders.
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Strengthen Research to Advance Understanding and to Support the Development of Prevention and Intervention Strategies The committee's review of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States was constrained by the extremely limited evidence base related to these crimes, particularly in the areas of prevention and intervention strategies. In addition, the committee found considerable variability in the quality of current research in these areas.
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and sup port to difficult-to-reach populations; • comprehensive, multisector approaches; and • demand and its reduction. Publication and Dissemination of Research Findings Developing and implementing a national research agenda with clearly defined priority areas could help build an evidence base for understanding and identifying promising and best practices for the prevention and identification of and response to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.
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An adequate response will also require ongoing collaboration among many individuals and entities. Models for multisector and interagency collaboration exist for crimes that share related and overlapping characteristics with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States (e.g., child abuse, domestic violence, sexual assault)
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Therefore, the committee makes the following recommendation: Recommendation 6: The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention should create and maintain a digital information-sharing platform to deliver reliable, real-time information on how to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex traf ficking of minors in the United States. To make this information-sharing platform maximally effective, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention should partner with an independent, unbiased entity with robust technological capabilities to create and maintain a platform that can continuously adapt to next-generation technologies.
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National Institute of Mental Health and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development • upport research on the root causes and prevention of commercial sex S ual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States, includ ing commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of boys, risk and protective factors for all children and adolescents, short- and long-term intervention needs and strategies, and the delivery of services and sup port to difficult-to-reach populations. (Recommendation 4)
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National, State, and Local Bar Associations • xamine and report on the impact of existing and emerging federal, E state, and local laws addressing commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. Particular attention needs to be focused on new laws that redirect young victims and survivors of com mercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking from arrest and prosecution as criminals or adjudication as delinquents to systems, agencies, and services equipped to meet their needs.
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(Recommendation 1) • everage core capacities to support prevention, identification, and re L sponse efforts of law enforcement, social services, and other governmen tal and nongovernmental organizations working to address commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.
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Fortunately, the release of the report occurs at an opportune time, amid growing attention to and calls for action to respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States at all levels -- from the grassroots to the Executive Office of the White House. The committee's intent is for this report to provide a clear path forward by offering recommendations designed to increase awareness, to advance understanding, and to support efforts to prevent and respond to the commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of the nation's children.
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